Biology 2581B Chapter Notes - Chapter 8.1, 8.2: Chromosomal Deletion Syndrome, Mepacrine, Aneuploidy
22 Jan 2020
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Chromosome mutations variations in the number and structure of chromosomes frequently play an important role in evolution and agriculture. Chromosome morphology: a centromere, the attachment point for spindle microtubules, two telomeres, which stabilize the chromosome ends. Grouped into three categories: chromosome rearrangements, aneuploidy, and polyploidy. Chromosome rearrangements alter the structure of chromosomes. Chromosome rearrangements are chromosome mutations that change the structures of. 4 basic types: duplications, deletions inversions, translocations. Chromosome rearrangements can also arise through errors in crossing over, or when crossing over occurs between repeated sequences. Chromosome duplication mutation in which part of the chromosome has been doubled. Tandem duplication duplicated segment is immediately adjacent to the original segment: ex chromosome with segments ab-cdefg, where represents the centromere, duplication might include the ef segments chromosome becomes ab-cdefefg. Displaced duplication the duplicated segment is located some distance from the original segment (on the same chromosome or on a different one: ex the duplication would be ab-cdefgef.
