Chemistry 1027A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Thionyl Chloride, Oxonium Ion, Diethyl Ether
15 Mar 2015
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Document Summary
Functional group: -oh (hydroxyl group) bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon. Oxygen atom of alcohol is also sp3 hybridized. 2 sp3 hybrid orbitals of oxygen form sigma bonds to atoms of carbon & hydrogen. 2 other sp3 hybrid orbitals of oxygen each contain an unshaired pair of electrons. Longest chain of carbon atoms that contains the oh group parent name: oh group takes precedence over alkyl groups and halogens, cyclic alcohols oh group takes position 1. Change suffix of parent alkane from e to ol. Compounds containing two hydroxyl groups on different carbons glycol. Bonded to one carbon: secondary (2 , tertiary (3 ) Polarity of oh groups: large difference in electronegativity between oxygen and carbon & oxygen and hydrogen, both c-o & o-h bonds are polar covalent, alcohols are polar molecules. More soluble in water than alkanes, alkenes and alkynes: hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules and water, much less soluble in water as molecular weight increases.
