Sociology 3363F/G Chapter Notes - Chapter Martin Chapter 7 and 12: South African Americans, Nathan Bedford Forrest, Cross Burning
8 Jun 2018
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Chapter 7, 178-191
Right Wing Activism and Extremism
- Terrorism on the modern right is an outgrowth of fascists, National Socialists, Falangist
and other reactionary movements that existed in Europe between the First and Second
World War
o These were mass movements that waged a concerted struggle against
communist and Western-style democracy
- The interwar history has been nostalgically recaptured in the ideologies and symbolism
of reactionaries on the modern right
- Modern right choose specific facets for their movements
o For example, right-wing ideologies in Latin American have promote fascist and
Falangist-style millenarianism, traditional values and authoritarian rile
- Italian activists have looked to their interwar past and adopted traditional fascists and
values
Political Parties and Dissident Movements
- Parties/dissidents on the right reflect the distinctive features of their national
environments
- Right-wing political parties are most variable in countries with strong traditions of
parties that embody values of grassroot parties
- In Europe, right-wing movements tend to be nationalistic; advocated traditional values,
promote national culture and demand strict immigration
o British Natioal Part, Natioal Alliae i Ital are aistreaed in the sense
they participate in democratic processes
- Parties in Europe that have received partisian and electoral support:
o Freedom Party (Netherlands)
o Danish People Party (Denmark)
o Golden Dawn (Greece)
o Freedom Party (Austria)
- Dissident parties will use both traditional values and contemporary language and codes
for their beliefs
o For eaple, rightest i the U“ ad Europe ake referee to iteratioal
akers as a ode phase of Jeish iterests
o Afrikaner Resistance Movement is overtly racists and has adopted its
orgaizatioal sol a reofigured sastika alled Three “ees
Traditional and Order
- Common theme is nostalgia on reactionary rights
o Expressed as a desire to reclaim the past supremacy, traditions and values
- Left are likely to describe the post-reolutio as people right or soialist state rightest
are likel to defed their ehaiour desriig their goals as a e orld order or
lebensraum
- Mythology claims the lost utopia has been stolen
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- Scapegoating is a common trait of the far and fringe right
Right Wing Nationalism
- The reactionary right has conceptualized loyalty and unity
- The basic issue is hether oes prie loalt should e to country, race, ethnonational
identity or other attributes
o Nazi Movements
- In Germany, on the fringe right affinity with their National Socialists past
- In Norway, there has been some divergence in focus among different groups
o Consists of three lifestyle ideologies: Paramilitaries, Nationalist Socialist
skinheads, and ideologies
o Three main ideological dimensional nationalism vs German, culture vs race and
right vs. left
- In the US has been characterized by a number of movements including pro-American
movements, anti-Communist movements, religious extremism, racial supremacy and
oppositio to the iflu of foreigers ad their ulture
o Highly suspicious of centralized government
Religious and Mysticism
- Religion and mysticism are not universal traits of the right fringe
- Moder oeet doest alas appeal to the deity however the Christian church has
been a symbol of tradition and order
- American rights have historically used religious and mystical symbols and myths as
foundations of their ideology – like the Cross burning of the KKK
- Modern supremacist right has adopted a variety of cult-like beliefs, such as creativity,
Christian identity and Asatru
Race and order: The Terrorist Right
- Right-wing terrorism in postwar era has not been well organized, focused, sustained as
left-wing has
- Paramilitaries has been violent and many affiliated with the government
- Other paramilitary right-wing terrorism has been characterized as:
o Organization: right-wing terrorism normally operate clandestine I small groups
as street militants and gang-like brawls,
▪ Regionally specific
▪ Often found in Northern Ireland and Latin America
o Focus: focus on broader than the left terrorism
▪ Typically, been indiscriminate in their selection of targets they have
defined members of entire ethnonational groups as enemies and hence
have categorized whole civilian populations as legit targets
▪ Right-wing European terrorists are more likely to randomly select targets
than were their leftist counterparts – with higher causalities
o Longevity: is rare for right-wing terrorist camps to be sustained
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▪ Important exception os activism by paramilitaries and street militants
during times of national crisis, when government are wear or besieged
- The goals and objectives of dissident right-wing terrorism are best described as nilhistic
because the ajorit of right ig groups dot espouse a speifi progra refor,
preferring to hide behind vague slogans of strident nationalism, the need for racial
purity and reassertion of government strength
Violent Reactionaries: Characteristics of the Extreme Right
- They are championing an ideal order that has been attacked by an inferior ethnational
interests or religious values
- These uncompromising beliefs are typical among right-wing advocates on behalf go
religious groups, religious minorities, religious fundamentals or other groups with
distinctive identity
- Right-wing and less sophisticated then ideological foundations in comparison to leftist
terrorism, their behaviours and activism
- Tendencies among right-wing terrorists at the beginning of the 21st century included
o Theory
o Non-political criminality
o Single-issue
o Preserving the status quo
- I oarders otets, oth iolet ad oiolet atiis o the etree right possess
basic common characteristics which are
o Nationalism
o Racism
o Xenophobia a fear of strangers and foreigners
o Antidemocracy
o Strong state
- ‘ight ig politial parties ad dissidet oeets dot hae the sae degree of
solidarity as the left but have maintained an idiosyncratic quality that has not been
consolidated into a global movement
Regional Case: Europe
- Right-wing postwar era Europe has been characterized primarily by a combination of
attacks by terrorist cells and hate crimes by individuals or small gangs of people – many
skinheads
- One distinguishing characteristic of the right vs-avis-a left is the left-wing terrorists were
much more discriminating in choosing their targets
o Violet left egaged i surgial ats of iolee suh as politial assassiatios
kidnappings, or symbolic bombings
o The violent right was almost nonselective, preferring to plant bombs in public
places or randomly seek out and attack members of unwanted ethnonational
groups
- For example:
- Germany
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Document Summary
Terrorism on the modern right is an outgrowth of fascists, national socialists, falangist and other reactionary movements that existed in europe between the first and second. World war: these were mass movements that waged a concerted struggle against communist and western-style democracy. The interwar history has been nostalgically recaptured in the ideologies and symbolism of reactionaries on the modern right. Modern right choose specific facets for their movements: for example, right-wing ideologies in latin american have promote fascist and. Italian activists have looked to their interwar past and adopted traditional fascists and values. Parties/dissidents on the right reflect the distinctive features of their national environments. Right-wing political parties are most variable in countries with strong traditions of parties that embody values of grassroot parties. In europe, right-wing movements tend to be nationalistic; advocated traditional values, promote national culture and demand strict immigration: british natio(cid:374)al part(cid:455), natio(cid:374)al allia(cid:374)(cid:272)e i(cid:374) ital(cid:455) are (cid:858)(cid:373)ai(cid:374)strea(cid:373)ed(cid:859) in the sense they participate in democratic processes.
