BI110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 27: Electron Acceptor, Anaerobic Respiration, Facultative Anaerobic Organism
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Anaerobic respiration: using terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, other substances serve as the terminal electron acceptor for the redox reactions of cellular respiration. Anaerobic respiration uses an etc to oxidize nadh and fadh2 to nad+ and fad. Anaerobic organisms have specialized enzymes that allow substances such as co2, nitrate, iron, and sulfate to serve as the terminal electron acceptor. These molecules not as electronegative as o2, cannot extract as much energy from glucose oxidation as aerobic respiration (75%) Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of terminal electron. Fermentation couples oxidation of nadh to nad+ with the reduction of pyruvate. Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue uninterrupted by regenerating nad+, can accept more electrons from reactions of glycolysis. One of the pathways is lactic acid fermentation, oxidation of nadh to nad+ is coupled to reduction of pyruvate to lactic acid. Lactic acid fermentation is a one-step process: pyruvate directly reduced to lactic acid.
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