PS260 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Vocal Folds, Function Word, Morpheme
Document Summary
Sentence: a sequence of words that conforms to the rules of syntax (and so has the right constituents in the right sequence). Morpheme: the smallest language unit that carries meaning. Psycholinguists distinguish content morphemes (the primary carriers of meaning) from function morphemes (which specify the relations among words). Phonemes: the basic categories of sound that are used to convey la(cid:374)guage. For e(cid:454)a(cid:373)ple, the (cid:449)ords (cid:862)peg(cid:863) a(cid:374)d (cid:862)(cid:271)eg(cid:863) differ i(cid:374) their i(cid:374)itial phoneme [p] in one case, [b] in the other. Voicing: one of the properties that distinguishes different categories of spee(cid:272)h sou(cid:374)ds. A sou(cid:374)d is (cid:272)o(cid:374)sidered (cid:862)(cid:448)oi(cid:272)ed(cid:863) if the (cid:448)o(cid:272)al folds are vibrating while the sound is produced. If the vocal folds start vibrating sometime after the sound begins (i. e. , with a long voice-onset time), the sou(cid:374)d is (cid:272)o(cid:374)sidered (cid:862)u(cid:374)(cid:448)oi(cid:272)ed. (cid:863) Manner of production: the way in which a speaker momentarily obstructs the flow of air out of the lungs to produce a speech sound.
