ADMS 3920 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Business Matters, Business Ethics, Organizational Culture
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The primary costs of FDI to host countries are:
| Loss of sovereignty and patriotism | ||
| Adverse effects on competition and exports | ||
| Capital outflow | ||
| Loss of sovereignty, adverse effects on competition, and capital outflow |
____ suggests that FDI, unrestricted by government intervention, will enable countries to tap into their absolute or comparative advantage by specializing in the production of certain goods or services.
| The radical view | ||
| The free market view | ||
| Pragmatic nationalism | ||
| Expropriation |
What are the benefits of FDI to home countries?
| Repatriated earnings from profits from FDI. | ||
| Increased exports of components and services to host countries. | ||
| Learning via FDI from operations abroad. | ||
| All of these answers |
When one firm enters a foreign country through FDI, its rivals are likely to follow by undertaking additional FDI in a host country to:
| Create knowledge spillover | ||
| Discover a new market for its goods | ||
| Overcome and combat market failure through FDI | ||
| Acquire location advantages or neutralize the first moverâs location advantages |
Most countries practice:
| Pragmatic nationalism | ||
| Free market based FDI | ||
| Government embracing radical view | ||
| French patriotism |
FDI may be viewed as a reflection of firm motivation to extend firm-specific capabilities abroad and their responses to overcome imperfections and failures.
| True | ||
| False |
Most countries practice a totally "free market" view.
| True | ||
| False |
8. Outsourcing is the process of turning over an organizational activity to an outside supplier, located in a foreign country, which will perform it on behalf of the local firm.
| True | ||
| False |
Financial, physical, and technological resources and capabilities are all tangible assets.
| True | ||
| False |
A firm's resources and capabilities are tangible assets a firm uses to choose and implement its strategies.
| True | ||
| False |
An example of low power distance would be when subordinates address their bosses on a first-name basis.
| True | ||
| False |
Benchmarking is an assessment as to whether a firm has resources and capabilities to perform a particular activity in a manner superior to competitors.
| True | ||
| False |
A country with low-masculinity has a more subtle differentiation between the gender roles.
| True | ||
| False |
Setting up subsidiaries abroad so the work can be performed in-house but in the foreign location is also called captive sourcing.
| True | ||
| False |
Managers in low uncertainty avoidance countries rely more on experience and training than managers in high uncertainty avoidance countries who rely more on rules.
| True | ||
| False |
Informal institutions include laws, regulations, and rules.
| True | ||
| False |
The United States is often classified as a collective society.
| True | ||
| False |
A pure market economy characterized by the "invisible hand" of market forces is noted by
| John Stuart Mill | ||
| Adam Smith | ||
| Aristotle | ||
| Amatya Zen |
Culture is defined in the text as:
| The communication between members of similar location. | ||
| The collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another. | ||
| The main component of formal institutions. | ||
| The attitudes and behaviors characteristic of a particular social group or organization. |
When an expat employee returns to her or his current employer but the employer does not provide attractive opportunities, she/he often may be hired by a competitor firm. Why?
| Competitor firms are also interested in globalizing their business. | ||
| Former expats bring instant expertise and experience. | ||
| Competing firms will pay a higher premium for expertise. | ||
| All of these answers |
The government taking a "hands-off approach" is known as:
| Laissez faire | ||
| Command economy | ||
| Mixed economy | ||
| Liberal approach |
Expatriate managers make ideal candidates for top management positions.
| True | ||
| False |
____ are defined as rights associated with the ownership of intellectual property.
| Patents | ||
| Copyrights | ||
| Trademarks | ||
| Intellectual property rights |
In a collective society:
| Family units are highly valued. | ||
| Being an entrepreneur is a popular mindset | ||
| Being different than your neighbor is important. | ||
| Outsiders are easily trusted. |
Which of the following definitions best defines an expatriate manager?
| A manager who works outside his or her native country | ||
| A manager of great expertise | ||
| An ex-manager rehired for advisory purposes | ||
| None of these answers |
QUESTION 26
Age 65 has come to be considered the onset of old age in the U.S. because:
| a. | This is when most older adults find their abilities diminishing | |
| b. | At age 65, physical appearance makes it evident that a person is old | |
| c. | This is the age identified in Social Security and Medicare at the time these were enacted | |
| d. | This is the age at which life expectancy diminishes most rapidly |
1 points
QUESTION 27
The concept of "dependency ratios" has been criticized because:
| Individual differences in needs as well as differences in aging and activity choices make it difficult to ascertain which generation depends on which other generations. | ||
| Very few older adults ever rely on younger individuals for support and assistance | ||
| The most dependent generation may well be young adults | ||
| It is common knowledge that older adults are dependent on younger individuals |
1 points
QUESTION 28
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the purpose of theory in understanding aging?
| a. | Theories attempt to explai what we observe in empirical research or practice | |
| b. | A goal is to consolidate practice around a simple set of principles | |
| c. | Theories resolve disputes about the nature of reality and definitions of aging | |
| d. | The most important purpose is to reduce apparently complex phenomena to a few basic factors |
1 points
QUESTION 29
Explanations that focus on the situations and problems that accumulate during the life span and cannot be understood separate from developmental experiences are considered to reflect:
| a. | The aged | |
| b. | Aging | |
| c. | Age | |
| d. | The meaning of life |
1 points
QUESTION 30
Early theories of aging, described later life as a:
| a. | Problem | |
| b. | normal, welcomed stage of life | |
| c. | rare and unique process | |
| d. | Too idiosyncratic for generalized description |
1 points
QUESTION 31
Theories that explain aging as resulting from the accumulation of "insults" from the environment, which eventually reach a level incompatible with life are labeled:
| a. | Sociocultural theories | |
| b. | Selective optimization with compensation | |
| c. | Model of Human Occupation | |
| d. | Stochastic theories |
1 points
QUESTION 32
Psychological theories of aging seek to explain
| a. | Reasons for the emergence of mental disorders in late life | |
| b. | Why older individuals are likely to be pessimistic | |
| c. | Relationships among older and younger individuals | |
| d. | The multiple changes in individual behavior in late life |
1 points
QUESTION 33
It is now believed that neurological theories of aging that focus on decline in neurological functioning may be:
| a. | Too optimistic | |
| b. | Lacking in clarity | |
| c. | Too pessimistic | |
| d. | Too limited |
1 points
QUESTION 34
In the theory of Selective Optimization with Compensation, "optimization" refers to the idea that:
| a. | People engage in behaviors that augment or enrich their general reserves and maximize their chosen life courses | |
| b. | People make efforts in middle age to accumulate needed resources to ensure successful aging | |
| c. | Changing biological and psychological factors that enhance the abilities of older adults in memory and problem solving | |
| d. | Political initiatives that reduce stigma associated with later life |
1 points
QUESTION 35
Mrs. Adams, an 87 year-old widow, has begun to distance herself from some of her extended family members. At the same time, she spends increasing time with her adult children, grandchildren, and some of her close neighbors. This would be an example of:
| a. | The Model of Human Occupation | |
| b. | Evolutionary Theory | |
| c. | Cognition and Aging theories | |
| d. | Socioemotional Selectivity Theory |
1 points
QUESTION 36
A theory of particular relevance to occupational and physical therapy is:
| a. | Theory of Free Radicals | |
| b. | Systems theory of motor control | |
| c. | Stochastic theories | |
| d. |
1 points
QUESTION 37
Theory is important to therapeutic decisions as a way to:
| a. | Reduce the therapist's need to address individual differences | |
| b. | Guide decisions about evaluation and intervention | |
| c. | Minimize the idea of complexity in understanding older adults | |
| d. | Clearly identify the specific evaluation instruments to be used |