BIOL 1001 Chapter 3: Chapter 3 notes

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5 Feb 2012

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Biodiversity: the richness of living systems as reflected in genetic variability within and among species, the number of species living on earth and the variety of communities and ecosystems. Biosphere: all regions of earth"s crust, waters and atmosphere that sustain life. One way to organize organisms is according to how they obtain carbon; either autotrophs or heterotrophs. Autotrophs: an organism that produces its own food using carbon dioxide and other inorganic compounds from its environment and energy from the sun or from oxidation of inorganic substances. (oxides containing carbon are considered an organic molecule). Inorganic molecule: a molecule without carbon atoms in its structure. Organisms can also be divided according to their energy source; chemotrophs, which obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic or organic substances or phototrophs which obtain energy from light. Chemoautotroph: found in some bacteria and archeans, not found in eukaryotes. Chemoheterotroph: found in some bacteria and archeans and also in protists, fungi, animals and plants.

Related Questions

1. Which statement is FALSE regarding bacterial and archaeal cells?

Select one:

A. Archaeal and bacterial plasma membranes consist of a thin bilayer of lipid molecules penetrated by proteins.

B. Bacteria and archaea have group specific specializations in their cell envelope.

C. Archaea can have a single- or double-layered membrane.

D. Bacteria can have a single- or double-layered membrane.

E. Both bacteria and archaea have a layer of peptidoglycan in their cell envelope.

2.Which reason is MOST probable for why carbon is used in living organisms but not silicon?

Select one:

A. Carbon can make four bonds, whereas silicon can only make three.

B. Silicon is heavier, and therefore its bonds are stronger.

C. Carbon can form more preferred geometries when bonding.

D. Carbon is lighter, and therefore its bonds are stronger.

E. Carbon can make double bonds, but silicon cannot.

Which statement is TRUE regarding energy sources used by organisms?

Select one:

A. All phototrophs are autotrophs that can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source.

B. Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as an energy source.

C. Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source.

D. All phototrophs are autotrophs.

E. All chemotrophs are heterotrophs.

-Glucose fermentation by some microbes results in the accumulation of acids such as acetate and lactate in the medium. The acid byproducts are necessary toâ¦

a. Increase in ATP production by substrate level phosphorylation

b. increase ATP production by respiration

c. achieve redox balance

d. reverse electron transport to generate reducing power

e. disrupt energy transport

- Which of the following statements comparing and contrasting heterotrophs and autotrophs is NOT true:

a. Both herterotrops and autptrophs synthesize precursor metabolites

b. Heterophs use organic carbon sources as engery sources whereas autotrophs use carbon dioxide as carbon sources only

c. Heterophs cannot be phototrophs

d. Heterotrophs and autotrophs can harness energy from light

scarletreindeer378

Autotrophs, e.g., ______________, acquire energy from _________ in a process called_______________. They convert this energy to energy stored in ___________ ___________. When needed, they _____________ these to __________ and __________. In this process, _____________________________________________.

Heterotrophs, e.g., ___________, acquire energy from ________________. In their digestive tract they break down ___________________ to _____________. The latter are then imported into cells and oxidized to CO2 and water. In this process, ADP is ________________ to ATP.
Use these terms: zebras, orchids, carbon dioxide, sunlight, break down, macromolecules, photosynthesis, eating organic molecules, monomers, converted, chemical bonds, ATP is made, water

BIOL 1001 Chapter 3: Chapter 3 notes

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