ENG BE 209 Chapter Notes - Chapter 19: Heredity, Germ Cell, Genetic Linkage

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burgundyyak766

30 Jul 2018

School

Boston University

Department

Biomedical Engineering

Course

ENG BE 209

Professor

Martin Steffen

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Document Summary

Sexual reproduction: two genomes merge to form the genome of the new individual. Asexual reproduction gives rise to offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism. Sexual reproduction involves the mixing of genomes from two individuals to produce offspring that are genetically distinct from one another and from both their parents. Sexual reproduction involves both diploid and haploid cells. Diploid: each cell contains two sets of chromosomes. Two parents have chromosomes sets that are similar except for the sex chromosomes. Alleles: genes that occur in variant versions. Germ cells (gametes): the specialized cells that perform the central process in sexual reproduction and are haploid. Meiosis chromosomes of the double chromosome set are partitioned out into single chromosome sets. Fertilized egg (zygote) occurs when the two different haploid gametes then fuse to make this diploid cell. Cells forming rest of body are somatic cells. Sexual reproduction gives organisms a competitive advantage.

Related Questions

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about chromosomes?

Prokaryotes have a singel, circular chromosome

Eukaryotes have multiple, linear chromosomes.

Human cells normally 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Eukaryote chromosomes are composed of only DNA

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about reproduction?

Eukaryotes life cycles include a haploid and diploid phase.

Prokaryotes reproduce asexually.

Eukaryotes can propagate by asexual or sexual reproduction.

Prokaryotes typically reproduce slower than eukaryotes.

Which of the folllowing animal cells is most likely haploid?

nerve cell

muscle cell

sperm cell

liver cell

When human gametes fuse, they form a _____.

		Haploid egg
		Diploid zygote
		Haploid zygote
		Triploid egg

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 1 options:

	gamete
	somatic cells
	zygote
	sexual reproduction

1.	Reproductive life cycle that involves an alternation between haploid and diploid cells
2.	A single cell with a diploid number of chromosomes resulting from the fusion of an egg and a sperm.
3.	Cells (egg or sperm) resulting from a meiotic division of germ-line cells
4.	The non-reproductive cells found in embryos and mature individuals

Question 2 (5 points)

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 2 options:

	syngamy
	haploid
	meiosis
	diploid
	germ-line cells

1.	The cells that will eventually undergo meiosis to produce gametes.
2.	The number of chromosomes found in gametes (eggs or sperm).
3.	The process by which two haploid gametes fuse to form a new diploid cell.
4.	A specialized reduction division that produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.
5.	Two sets of chromosomes present in the somatic cells of adult individuals.

there could be more than one answer or no answer at all

1. _____ Females that reproduce sexually versus asexually are said to incur a âtwo-fold cost of sexual reproduction.â Which of the following costs are associated with sexual reproduction for females?

A) MALES! That do-nothing lot really does not directly contribute offspring to the next generation. Females would be better off making all daughters.

B) FEMALES! In most natural settings, those daughters compete with their mothers for potential mates and resources needed to successfully reproduce.

C) MITOSIS! Since sexual reproduction can produce many more offspring than asexual reproduction, there are energetic costs associated with the mitotic divisions required to produce those offspring.

D) MEIOSIS! Every time a gamete is produced, the parent loses a little bit of itself. Half to be precise since only half of its genes are passed on to sexually produced offspring.

E) DIVERSITY! Mothers maximize fitness if all offspring are genetically just like them. Sexual reproduction causes genetic diversity, which ultimately lowers the fitness of both parents.

ENG BE 209 Chapter Notes - Chapter 19: Heredity, Germ Cell, Genetic Linkage

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