BIOL-3160 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9, 11: Posterior Pituitary, Anterior Pituitary, Catecholamine
Document Summary
Ans: parasympathetic (craniosacral)- brake, rest & digest, sympathetic (thoracolumbar)- gas, fight & flight, most ganglia lay close to the spinal cord, more sympathetic pathways (global- mass activation) than parasympathetic (local) Adrenergic stimulation response of target tissue dependent on r displayed: act via g proteins. Cholinergic stimulation: preganglionic release is always excitatory (acetylcholine always is when sympathetic, post ganglion release can be either excitatory or inhibitory- depends on receptor type, nicotinic ach receptors are always excitatory, musarinic can be excitatory or inhibitory. Organs without dual innervation: adrenal gland, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands and most blood vessles- receive only. Sympathetic innervation: regulation achieved by up/down in tone (firing rate) of sns fibers. Hormone classifications: amino acid derivatives: tyrosin (catecholamines, epinephrine) and tryptophan. Derivatives (melatonin: peptide hormones: glycoproteins, short polypeptides and small proteins. Hormone synthesis: amino acid based hormones often produced in an inactive or precursor form, preprohormone (synthesis) prohormone(synthesis & packaging (golgi)) hormone(packaging) storage secretion.
