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BIOL 1001 Chapter : Chapter 4 Cell Structure And Function Part 1 Of 2

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azuremammoth471
15 Mar 2019
School
LSU
Department
Biological Sciences
Course
BIOL 1001
Professor
All

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Document Summary

Chapter 4 cell structure and function part 1 of 2: what"s ahead, cell theory, basic attributes of cells, major features of prokaryotic cells, major features of eukaryotic cells, cell theory. Why: cells must exchange nutrients and wastes with. Environment: no part of the cell can be too far away from the external environment, all cells share common features, the plasma membrane (pm) encloses the cell and allows interactions between the cell and its environment (fig. 4. 2: it is made up of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate. Prokaryotic cells are small most less than 5 m long) and possess specialized surface features. Prokaryotic cells have fewer specialized structures within their cytoplasm: they usually have a stiff cell wall, prokaryotic cells can take several shapes, rod-shaped- baccilus, spiral-shaped- spirilla, spherical- coccus (plural cocci, shapes of bacteria (fig. Prokaryotic cells: some bacteria and archaea are propelled by flagella, infectious bacteria may have polysaccharide adhesive.

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Related Questions

LAB MODULE: BASIC MICROSCOPY – STUDY HELP

The information in this document is helpful in preparing for the Basic Microscopy Pre-Lab Quiz on Canvas and the Basic Microscopy quiz on Late Nite Labs.

Instructions:

• Go to your Late Nite Labs course site and click on the Basic Microscopy link. The lab manual content will appear on the right side of the screen.

• PRINT and READ all of the information found in the Basic Microscopy lab manual.

• Use the information to answer the following questions.

Questions

• Fill in the remainder of the chart.

Objective Lens

Objective Magnification

Ocular Magnification

Total Magnification

Scanning

4X

10X

40X

Low Power

10X

10X

High Power

40X

10X

Oil Immersion

100X

10X

• Do all organisms consist of more than one cell?

• What is the structural and functional unit of living things? In other words, what is considered the basic building block of LIFE?

• What three structures are found in the cells of ALL organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic? You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all three structures. Note: plasma membrane = cell membrane

• List the major differences in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? Include the location of genetic material in a eukaryotic versus prokaryotic cell.

• List the organelles found in a eukaryotic cell that are not found in a prokaryotic cell. You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all of these.

• In eukaryotic cells, genetic information is found in the form of DNA. Is this true for prokaryotic cells?

• Are flagella and cell walls unique to eukaryotes? Why or why not?

• The __________is the part of a cell that allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell and protects the cell from its environment.

• The__________is a substance that contains all of the dissolved and suspended ions and other molecules needed to keep the cell alive.

• A__________is an organelle that serves as the site of photosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell.

• Some organisms have cells that contain a__________that gives the cell a more structured shape and strengthens the cell by osmotic pressure.

• Describe dark field microscopy.

• Describe phase contrast microscopy.

• Why do scientists use dark field microscopy and phase contrast microscopy when studying prokaryotic cells?

• How does phase contrast microscopy help scientists visualize difficult specimens?

• Fill in the remainder of the chart. The organisms studied during this lab are: Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria.

Structure Function Organisms Studied
Plasma Membrane

Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Contains the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell
Chloroplast

Spirogyra
Cell wall

1.) the oldest fossil identifie so far , the stromatolites , represent which type of cell ?
A. Virus
B. Prokaryotes
C. Multicellular
D. Eukaryotes
2. A genetic change that causes a certain Hox gene to be expressed along the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of farther back helped make possible the evolution of a tetrapods limb. This type of change represents which of the following ?
A. Paedomorphosis
B. Heterochrony
C. A change in developmental gene or in its regulation that altered the spatial organization of body parts
D. The influence of environment on development
3. The endosymbiosis theory states the orgin of the eukaryotic cells began when
A. A mutation in prokaryotic cells led to the creation of new organelles
B. Prokaryotic cell consumed a smaller cell
C. Prokaryotic cells went extinct
D. A prokaryotic cell needed more energy and evolved a mitochondria
4. Long term trends over geological history in speciation and extinction rates can be partially explained by
A. Natural selection in small populations
B. Over harvesting by humans
C. Plate tectonics and continental drift
D. Short term changes in present day environment
5. Fossil records are important for understanding change in living organism however there are multiple limitations including ( choose all that apply )
1. Evolutionary trends in fossils may change when new fossils are found
2. Some organisms do not create fossils
3. Fossil records are biased towards certain types of species
4. Not all fossils have been found

Please choose the best answer in these mcqs:

1. Cells carry out different metabolic reactions, in differentcompartments (= different enclosed organelles of the cell). Whichof the following are the reasons for this?

A) Protect the metabolism from unwanted environmentalfactors

B) Enclosure enables maintaining high concentrations of thecomponents without letting them diffuse away

C) More concentrated substances can react more readily, withincreased efficiency

D) All of the above

E) Only a and b

2.Which of the following developed during the evolution ofeukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

A) DNA

B) the cell membrane

C) nuclear membranes to form nucleus

D) ribosomes

E) proteins

3. Which three cellular components are present in bothprokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A) ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria

B) nucleus, ribosomes, RNA

C) RNA, DNA, ribosomes

D) endoplasmic reticulum, DNA, RNA

E) mitochondria, DNA, RNA

4.Phylogeny is

A) the science of biological classification based onmorphological features of organisms

B) the science of biological classification based on theevolutionary relationships between organisms.

C) the science of biological classification based onreproductive strategies.

D) the branch of science that studies phyllopods.

E) none of the above

5.Which of the following is False regarding mutations?

A) They are small changes in an individual’s geneticmaterial

B) All mutations are bad and cause diseases

C) Mutations that increases the chances of an individualorganism increases the possibility that this mutation is passed onto next generations

D) Mutations that are deleterious (damaging to the organism)tend to end with the organism’s death

6.Which of the following is NOT true about evolution theory?

A) It proceeds through random changes, that affect the abilityof the organism to reproduce and survive under existingenvironmental circumstances

B) Variations in individual organisms is better for survival andadaptation to changes, than being homogenous

C) All the changes in an organism are new, they were notdependent on preexisting features

D) Organisms continue to evolve; evolution has not stopped

7.In thermodynamics, the reaction (or organism or the materialwe are studying) of interest is called:

a) State

b) Universe

c) Matter

d) Energy