BISC208 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Chlorophyll, Mitochondrion, Endoplasmic Reticulum

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orchidcattle597

26 Mar 2016

School

University of Delaware

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BISC208

Professor

All

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Document Summary

Cytoplasm-the semiluid material that makes up the environment inside the plasma membrane. In a prokaryoic cell, all of the chemical processes of the cell take place in the cytoplasm & eukaryoic cells perform these processes within their organelles in the cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton- a supporing network of long, thin ibers that form a framework for the cell and provide an anchor for the organelles inside the cells. The cytoskeleton also has a funcion in cell movement and other cellular aciviies. Ribosomes-the organelles that help manufacture proteins and are made up of two components; rna & protein. Nucleolus-the site of ribosome producion in the nucleus. Golgi apparatus- a latened stack of membranes that modiies, sorts, and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles: vesicles-packaged and sorted proteins that are put into sacs called vesicles. Vesicles can fuse with the cell"s plasma membrane to release proteins to the environment outside the cell.

Related Questions

9. Photosynthesis in plants requires the presence of the pigment ______________________, which is produced by _____________________________ within their cells.

10. Cytoskeleton is to animal cells as ______________________________ are to plant cells and bacteria.

11. Integral membrane proteins have both hydrophilic and ______________________regions that allow them to pass through the plasma membrane.

12. The prokaryotic world of bacteria have the most diverse types of _____________________________on their outer surfaces.

13. Some of a cell's __________________ are found on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

14. The organelle that digests inorganic wastes, like H2O2, is known as the ____________________________.

15. The organelle that synthesizes proteins in eukaryotic cells is known as _____________________________.

16. A signaling molecule may bind to a protein on the surface of the plasma membrane. This protein is known as a/an ________________________.

17. The best analog to our ability to see, hear, smell and taste on the cell level comes in the form of protein receptors in the cellâs ________________________________________.

18. The supportive framework of a cell composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules is known as the ____________________________________.

19. The organelle that contains enzymes for intracellular digestion and programmed cell death is known as the _____________________________.

20. Any solution that is more dilute than cytoplasm, which would cause a cell to swell with water is known as a/an __________________________________ solution.

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1. ___ Which of thefollowing statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

(a) The cytoskeletonis made up of three types of protein filament.

(b) The bacterialcytoskeleton is important for cell division and DNAsegregation.

(d) The cytoskeleton of acell can change in response to the environment.

2. ___ Which of thestatements below about intermediate filaments is false?

(a) They can stayintact in cells treated with concentrated salt solutions.

(b) They can befound in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.

(d) Each filament is about10 ?m in diameter.

3. ___ Keratins,neurofilaments, and vimentins are all categories of intermediatefilaments. Which of the following properties below is nottrue of these types of intermediate filaments?

(a) They strengthencells against mechanical stress.

(b) Dimers associateby noncovalent bonding to form a tetramer.

(d) Phosphorylation causesdisassembly during every mitotic cycle.

4. ___ Which of thefollowing statements about microtubules is true?

(a) Motor proteinsmove in a directional fashion along microtubules by using theinherent structural polarity of a protofilament.

(b) The centromerenucleates the microtubules of the mitotic spindle.

(d) ATP hydrolysis by atubulin heterodimer is important for controlling the growth of amicrotubule.

5. ___ Thehydrolysis of GTP to GDP carried out by tubulin molecules________________.

(a) provides theenergy needed for tubulin to polymerize

(b) occurs becausethe pool of free GDP has run out

(d) allows the behavior ofmicrotubules called dynamic instability

6. ___ The microtubulesin a cell form a structural framework that can have all thefollowing functions except which of the following?

(a) holding internalorganelles such as the Golgi apparatus in particular positions inthe cell

(b) creating longthin cytoplasmic extensions that protrude from one side of thecell

(d) moving materials fromone place to another inside a cell

7. ___ Which of thefollowing statements about organellar movement in the cell isfalse?

(a) Organellesundergo saltatory movement in the cell.

(b) Only themicrotubule cytoskeleton is involved in organellar movement.

(d) Organelles areattached to the tail domain of motor proteins.

8. ___ Which of thefollowing statements is correct?

Kinesins and dyneins____________________.

(a) have tails thatbind to the filaments

(b) move along bothmicrotubules and actin filaments

(d) derive their energyfrom GTP hydrolysis

9. ___ Cell movementinvolves the coordination of many events in the cell. Which of thefollowing phenomena are not required for cell motility?

(a) Myosin-mediatedcontraction at the rear of the moving cell.

(b) Integrinassociation with the extracellular environment.

(d) Release ofCa²⁺ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

10. ___Which of the followingstructures shorten during muscle contraction?

(a) myosinfilaments

(b) flagella

(d) actin filaments

7. ___ Referring to Figure Q16-29,which of the following statements below is false?

(a) A constitutivelyactive mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would lead to adecrease in the amount of unphosphorylated phosphorylasekinase.

(b) A constitutivelyactive mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would notincrease the affinity of adrenaline for the adrenergicreceptor.

(c) A constitutivelyactive mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would lead to anexcess in the amount of glucose available.

(d) A constitutivelyactive mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would lead to anexcess in the amount of glycogen available.

8. ___ Match the targetof the G protein with the appropriate signaling outcome.

adenylyl cyclase________ A. cleavageof inositol phospholipids

ion channels_________ B.increase in cAMP levels

phospholipase C_________ C. changes in membranepotential

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