NSCI430 Chapter Notes - Chapter 49b: Locus Coeruleus, Transporter Reversal, Spinal Cord
20 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Opiates: dopamine dependent and dopamine-independent mechanisms. Reverse transport of da out of vesicle. Morphine-like opiates: heroin, methadone, oxycodone: binds to receptors. Pharmacokinetic: inducts hepatic metabolic enzymes increases metabolic clearance. Pharmacodynamic: drug mechanisms that produce habituation. Sensitization: effects grow stronger with repeated drug use, stimulant effects sensitization, depressant effects diminish. Locus ceruleus: implicated in mechanisms of dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal syndrome, major noradrenergic nucleus. Hedonic principle: da is directly responsible for perceiving pleasure: rodents that lack dopamine still exhibit hedonic responses. Prediction-error signal: da release in forebrain is not a pleasure signal. Signs of addictive drugs: will always trigger da release, may alter mechanisms involved in learning and memory, da release strengthens associative memories to drug-related cues, lead to synaptic changes. Drug use may affect ltp and ltd: striatum, nucleus accumbens, midbrain dopaminergic neurons, may affect gene expression. Creb-related genes induced by da & psychostimulants. Induces proteins related to alteration of cellular function. Cocaine: blocks dopamine receptors: easy to research.
