BSC 2005 Chapter Notes - Chapter 15: Reproductive Isolation, Habitat Fragmentation, Population Genetics

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Urbanizatio(cid:374) is(cid:374)"t the o(cid:374)l(cid:455) hu(cid:373)a(cid:374)-caused environmental change that animals face, of course (cid:271)ut it"s o(cid:374)e that has take(cid:374) o(cid:374) p(cid:396)essi(cid:374)g u(cid:396)ge(cid:374)(cid:272)(cid:455) i(cid:374) (cid:396)e(cid:272)e(cid:374)t (cid:455)ea(cid:396)s. Population genetics allows scientists to understand the nature of evolutionary change as it is reflected i(cid:374) the ge(cid:374)es of a populatio(cid:374). Esse(cid:374)tiall(cid:455), it"s a (cid:449)a(cid:455) to take sto(cid:272)k of (cid:449)ho"s (cid:396)ep(cid:396)odu(cid:272)i(cid:374)g, (cid:449)ho is(cid:374)"t, a(cid:374)d the (cid:272)o(cid:374)se(cid:395)ue(cid:374)(cid:272)es fo(cid:396) the populatio(cid:374) as a (cid:449)hole. (cid:374)atu(cid:396)al sele(cid:272)tio(cid:374) is(cid:374)"t the o(cid:374)l(cid:455) (cid:373)e(cid:272)ha(cid:374)is(cid:373) of e(cid:448)olutio(cid:374): mutation, which introduces new alleles into a population is another important evolutionary mechanism. In other words, mutation is a type of nonadaptive evolution. The other types of nonadaptive evolution are genetic drift and gene flow. (cid:373)a(cid:374)(cid:455) (cid:374)o(cid:374)adapti(cid:448)e (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ges i(cid:374) allele f(cid:396)e(cid:395)ue(cid:374)(cid:272)(cid:455) (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e (cid:272)o(cid:374)side(cid:396)ed (cid:862)(cid:374)eut(cid:396)al(cid:863) (cid:374)eithe(cid:396) (cid:862)good(cid:863) (cid:374)o(cid:396) (cid:862)(cid:271)ad. (cid:863) but (cid:374)o(cid:374)adapti(cid:448)e e(cid:448)olutio(cid:374) (cid:272)a(cid:374) g(cid:396)eatl(cid:455) i(cid:374)flue(cid:374)(cid:272)e the fate of a spe(cid:272)ies, a(cid:374)d so (cid:396)esea(cid:396)(cid:272)he(cid:396)s are keen to study it.

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