BIOL 102 Chapter Notes - Chapter 22: Multicellular Organism, Membrane Transport, Collagen
Character 22: Human Nutrition
● What are basic human nutritional requirements?
o Fuel
o Building blocks
▪ Organic molecules containing C,O,H,N,P
o Essential nutrients: must be obtained in food
▪ Cannot be synthesized by organisms(humans)
● Essential amino acids
o 8 of 20 amino acids are essential
o Can all be contained from meat
● Essential fatty acids
● Vitamins
● Minerals
● What are essential nutrients?
o Essential amino acids(8)
o Essential fatty acids
▪ Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids
o Minerals
▪ Inorganic
▪ Calcium, iron, iodine, potassium, etc.
o Vitamins
▪ Organic molecules
▪ A,B,C,D,E,K
● What are vitamins?
o A:precursor to pigment important for vision
o B:precursors to molecules important for aerobic respiration(breaking glucose into
oxygen, catalyst is heat)
o C:Anitoxidant, important for collagen synthesis
o D:Absorption of calcium and phosphorus for bone growth
o E:Antioxidant
o K:precursor for blood clotting molecules
● What are minerals?
● What are the basic functions of the vitamins?
Chapter 23:Circulatory System
Why is the circulatory system needed in complex organisms?
● Singe cell vs multicellular organism
What are the two main methods that gases, nutrients, and wastes are transported to cells?
● Bulk flow
● Membrane transport
o Diffusion: moving from higher areas of concentration to lower areas of concentration
▪ Ex. Perfume spreading
State the organs of the vertebrate circulatory system
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Document Summary
What are basic human nutritional requirements: fuel, building blocks, organic molecules containing c,o,h,n,p, essential nutrients: must be obtained in food, cannot be synthesized by organisms(humans) Essential amino acids: 8 of 20 amino acids are essential, can all be contained from meat. What are essential nutrients: essential amino acids(8, essential fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, minerals. Inorganic: calcium, iron, iodine, potassium, etc, vitamins, organic molecules, a,b,c,d,e,k. Membrane transport: diffusion: moving from higher areas of concentration to lower areas of concentration. State the organs of the vertebrate circulatory system. Tubes for bulk flow: blood vessels, arteries, veins, capillaries. Heart :4 chambers: 2 atria: receive blood, 2 ventricles: pump blood. Arteries and arterioles: carry blood away from the heart. Veins and venules: collect and return blood to the heart. Capillaries: site of gas, nutrient, waste exchange, b/t blood and interstitial fluid. State the pathway of blood through the circulatory system.
