BIOL 2P03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, Electrochemical Gradient, Mitochondrial Matrix
27 Feb 2016
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Lecture 6 - cellular energetics (animal cells) objectives. Glycolysis, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, citric acid cycle, electron transport system (chain), atp synthase. It is continually synthesized and hydrolyzed as the cell imports oxidizable fuels and performs work, respectively. The major atp producing pathways in animal cells are glycolysis (just a little. Some of the major atp utilizing pathways in animal cells are protein synthesis, dna synthesis (particularly in actively dividing cells), atpases like the na/k-atpase and ca-atpase (particularly in muscle) There are many steps (10 different enzymes involved) Under some conditions (including low oxygen but also high growth conditions) the pyruvate produced from glycolysis will not be completely oxidized in mitochondria. In animal cells glucose is fermented to lactic acid. The malate-aspartate shuttle transfers reducing equivalents (nadh) formed in the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix (if etc functioning) Let"s take a closer look at complete oxidation of pyruvate.
