HLSC 2P09 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Adenylyl Cyclase, Phospholipase C, Guanine
12 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Signal transduction: the process by which information coming from the extracellular enviroment is conveyed to the interior of the cell. Information contained in signaling molecules (hormones, growth factors, etc) is passed to speci c effector molecules within the cell. Initiation of a cascade of reactions in the cell. Signal transduction: only cells that express the receptor for a speci c ligand (signaling molecule) will respond to the ligand. 7 transmembrane (tm) serpentine / proteins interact with g. Single transmembrane (tm)/intrinsic kinase activity (tyrosine, serine threonine ) Intracellular receptors: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, steroids (sex hormones, thyroid hormone. Second messengers: 3"-5" amp (camp, diacyglycerol (dag) !2: ca 2, inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (ip3) Exocytosis, muscle contraction, cytoskeleton movement, channel opening. Activates protein kinases, especially protein kinase a. Activates protein kinases, especially protein kinase g. Protein phosphorylation: important modi cation of many cellular proteins, important in many signal transduction pathways. Net levels of phosphorylation determined by the activity of both:
