EXCI 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

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6 Mar 2020

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We eat food in the form of macromolecules (proteins, carbs, fats) which cannot be absorbed directly: digestion breaks food into smaller molecules which can then be absorbed into the body. Accessory organs: teeth and tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas. Atm required: entrance of digested food (now called nutrients) into the body, defecation, process of eliminating undigested material through the anus. Major functions of the gi tract and accessory organs. Contains 2 important accessory organs that are essential in early stages of digestive process: teeth= organs of mastication/chewing. Just below the diaphragm the digestive tube dilates into an elongated pouch-like structure. Size varies according to distention: after a meal, the stomach is enlarged because of distention, as food passes out of the stomach the walls partially collapse, leaving the organ the size of a sausage. In adults, the stomach generally hold 1-1. 5 liters. 3 sections of si: duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

Related Questions

The GI tract is composed of many organs and structures that store, digest, move and expel food. Each segment has a specific function with the purpose of providing nutrients to the body. In order to perform these functions, structural modifications have been made to the digestive system. Identify at least two organs in the digestive system which have been modified â identify the organ, the modification and the function performed. What do you think the impact on digestion and the body would be if either the stomach, small intestine or large intestine had to be fully or partially removed?

Matt and Maria have now received and begun to eat their Chinese takeout. They have accomplished biting off a portion of a piece of their General Tso's chicken and rice and proceeded to chew and swallow. For this report, you will describe the path the chicken and rice follows and the physiological processing that take place to convert the chicken and rice into their nutritional components that can be used by the body for energy and homeostatic processes. Consider the following as you proceed through your research and discussion of this topic.

1.Through which organs, and in what order does the bolus of food travel?

2. How long does the food remain in each segment of the digestive tract and what physiological processing takes place during this time?

3. What role does the autonomic nervous system play in controlling the movement of food through the digestive tract? What other physical or physiological factors can impact the movement of food though the digestive tract?

4. What specific enzyme or other digestive substances are associated with each segment of the digestive tract and which cells produce these substances? What specific components of the chicken and rice (proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) are processed by each of these substances?

5. What role do the accessory digestive organs play in the process? What are the specific cells of each of these accessory organs and what substances do they produce? Where in the digestive tract are the substances introduced into the digestive process?

6.What is the ultimate fate of the digested chicken and rice? What was the initial biological structure of the nutritional components first consumed (example proteins breaking down to their simpler components) and what are the resulting products resulting from digestion that are now ready and available for use by the body for energy and homeostasis?

7. What is the fate of the solid and fluid components that are not absorbed into the body? When and where does control of movement of digestive tract content transition from the autonomic nervous system controlled smooth muscles to peripheral nervous system control of voluntary skeletal muscles?

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EAP HW 22 â The Digestive System

Define digestive tract

Define accessory organs

Provide the 6 functions of the digestive system

Define ingestion

Define mechanical processing

Define digestion

Define secretion

Define absorption

Define excretion

Provide the 4 layers of the digestive tract AND what types of tissue they are composed of

Define peristalsis

Provide the 3 functions of the tongue

Describe how the ingredients of saliva help breakdown food

Define salivary amylase

Provide the 4 types of teeth found in the human mouth AND their functions

Provide the 4 steps of the swallowing process

Define esophagitis

Provide the 2 types of cells found in gastric glands AND their functions

Define pepsin

Define cephalic phase

Define gastric phase

Define intestinal phase

Does absorption occur in the stomach? Explain.

Define circular folds

Define villi

Define microvilli

Define brush border

What organ is the above picture from?

Most of the important digestive processes are completed in the _________________________.

Define carbohydrases

Define lipases

Define nucleases

Define proteases

Provide the 3 general functional roles of the liver

Provide the function of bile salts

Define emulsification

Provide the function of the gall bladder

Define gallstones

Provide the standard screening test for colorectal cancer

Define diverticulosis

Define diarrhea and what causes it?

Define constipation, what causes it, and how do you prevent it?

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

Where does lipid digestion begin?

Where does protein digestion begin?

Define lactose intolerance

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EXCI 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

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