BIOC 2300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Mitochondrion, Atp Synthase, Oxidative Phosphorylation

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oliveminnow466

26 Mar 2019

School

Dalhousie University

Department

Biochem & Molecular Biology

Course

BIOC 2300

Professor

David Byers

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Document Summary

Oxidative phosphorylation: transport across mitochondrial membranes, atp synthesis uncoupling. The electron transport chain works because of the limited permeability of the mitochondrial membrane: the compartmentation in mitochondria allows pathway control through controlling the localization of metabolites. The limited permeability of the mitochondria inner membrane allows for building a proton gradient. Nadh made during glycolysis in the cytosol must get into the mitochondrial matrix to be re- oxidized ( harvesting its energy, enabling glycolysis to proceed). Atp made in the mitochondrial matrix must be transported into the cytosol. Adp and pi must get into the matrix from the cytosol. The etc only works because the inner membrane has very limited permeability. Most metabolites cannot pass through freely they need transporters to be able to pass through. The whole thing is dependent on building a proton gradient. It only works if the membrane is not permeable to metabolites or protons.

Related Questions

1) Which of the following statements about transport into the mitochondria is FALSE?

a) The signal sequence on proteins destined for the mitochondria is recognized by a receptor protein in the outer membrane of the mitochondria.

b) Proteins that are transported into the mitochondria are unfolded as they are being transported.

c) Transport of proteins into the mitochondria requires SRP and the SRP receptor.

d) After a protein is made in the cytosol it must move through two protein translocators to reach the inner mitochondrial matrix.

2.Which coat protein is involved in vesicle formation during endocytosis â vesicle forms from plasma membrane and fuses with endosomes?

a) COPI
b) COPII

c) v-SNARES d) Clathrin

3. Which of the following statements about vesicular membrane fusion is TRUE?

a) Membrane fusion does not always immediately follow vesicle docking.

b) The interactions of the v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs pull the vesicle membrane and the target organelle together so that their lipids can intermix.

c) NSF and SNAP disassemble the SNARE complex so the SNAREs can be recycled.

d) All of the above are true.

(a) Mitochondria (b) Endoplasmic reticulum (c) Nucleus (d) Lysosome (e) Endosome (f) Peroxisome (g) Golgi apparatus

_____ quality control of mRNA

_____ location of oxidative phosphorylation

_____ responsible for detoxifying organic molecules (liver cells)

_____ houses and protects genetic material

_____ responsible for modification and sorting of proteins and lipids

_____ location of ATP synthesis

_____ responsible for sorting endocytosed materials

_____ site of degradation and digestion

_____ responsible for oxidizing toxic molecules

_____ location of lipid synthesis

_____ location of hormone synthesis (adrenal cells)

B. Which organelle(s) from the above list communicate(s) with other organelle(s) through the use of vesicular transport? ________________

C. Which organelle(s) from the above list receive proteins made in the cytosol?___________________

D. Through which organelle(s) must proteins pass to reach the organelle(s) which do not receive proteins made exclusively in the cytosol?______________

E. Entrance into which organelle(s) requires that proteins unfold and snake through the membrane? _________________

F. How do organelles maintain their position in the cytosol? Be specific.

G. Give 2 advantages that eukaryotic cells gain by having organelles.

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1. Name two similarities and two differences between thecellular processes of importing

protein into the ER and importing protein to the nucleus.

2. What proteins are directly involved in the transportation ofcargo in a clathrin-coated

vesicle?

a. Dynamin

b. Adaptins

c. Cargo receptors

d. t SNARES

3. Suppose a cell was treated with colchiine, a drug causingmicrotubule disassembly.

What would happen within the cell? Why?

Suppose there were a genetic defect in the genes that code forkinesins and dyneins.

What would happen within the cell? Why?

4. Which of the following are true about microtubules?

a. They are utilized by the disease causing bacteriaLysteria.

b. Instability in the minus-end of the microtubule is caused bythe hydrolization of GTP.

c. Centrosomes contain binding sites for microtubules composed atype of tubulin ring.

d. Cellular concentrations of tubulin are above the criticalconcentration for plus-end

polymerization.

e. Motor proteins can attach organelles to the microtubules.

5. Indicate which of the following statements are false:

a. Membrane fusion is energetically unfavorable and thusrequires ATP or similar high

energy molecule to occur

b. Clathrin is responsible for capturing specific molecules fortransport in coated vesicle

structures.

c. Receptor proteins that are incorporated into an endosome canbe retrieved back to the

membrane domain it originated from; can return to a new domainof the membrane; or

can enter the lysosome for digestion.

d. Transport vesicles occasionally bud from the trans Golginetwork to fuse with the

plasma membrane in a process called constitutive exocytosis.

e. Most components of the endocytic vesicle membrane eventuallyare returned to the

plasma membrane for reuse.

6. Match the following organelles with their function:

Organelle Bank:

a. Mitochondria

b. Endoplasmic reticulum

c. Nucleus

d. Lysosome

e. Endosome

f. Peroxisome

g. Golgi apparatus

_____ quality control of mRNA

_____ location of oxidative phosphorylation

_____ responsible for detoxifying organic molecules (livercells)

_____ houses and protects genetic material

_____ responsible for modification and sorting of proteins andlipids

_____ location of ATP synthesis

_____ responsible for sorting endocytosed materials

_____ site of degradation and digestion

_____ responsible for oxidizing toxic molecules

_____ location of lipid synthesis

_____ location of hormone synthesis (adrenal cells)

B. Which organelle(s) from the above list communicate(s) withother organelle(s)

through the use of vesicular transport? ________________

C. Which organelle(s) from the above list receive proteins madein the

cytosol?___________________

D. Through which organelle(s) must proteins pass to reach theorganelle(s) which do not

receive proteins made exclusively in thecytosol?______________

E. Entrance into which organelle(s) requires that proteinsunfold and snake through the

membrane? _________________

F. How do organelles maintain their position in the cytosol? Bespecific.

G. Give 2 advantages that eukaryotic cells gain by havingorganelles.

7. Which of the following statements are true regardingactin?

a. They are arranged in a

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BIOC 2300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Mitochondrion, Atp Synthase, Oxidative Phosphorylation

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