PATH 300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Hiatus Hernia, Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone, Neutrophil

• School: McGill University
• Department: Pathology
• Course: PATH 300
• Professor: Edith Zorychta

Document Summary

Everyone has some gi problem at some point in their life diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, gas pains, anorexia, etc. Gi disorders are less common achalasia, ulcers, cirrhosis, hepatitis, tumors, colitis. Endoscopy uses flexible instruments to enter the gi tract: gastrocopy is used to locate and visualize ulcers. Lined by squamous epithelium (different than the stomach). Disorders of the esophagus: achalasia: reduced vagal tone of the lower esophageal sphincter, reflux esophagitis: stomach acids back up into the esophagus, esophagitis: inflammation of the esophagus. Enteric nervous system = (cid:862)the little (cid:271)rai(cid:374)(cid:863). Co(cid:374)sists of two parts: lumen, submucosal (meissner) plexus, between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle, you have the myenteric plexus. The upper part of the esophagus is voluntarily controlled you can decide when to swallow, but you also swallow involuntarily ~1000 times per day: you stop secreting saliva and swallowing when you sleep.