KINESIOL 1C03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Metformin, Kidney Disease, Gluconeogenesis

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Kinesiology
• Course: KINESIOL 1C03
• Professor: Krista Howarth

Document Summary

A metabolic disorder: affects the body"s ability to manufacture/ utilize insulin. Results in high blood glucose: causes endothelial damage, leads to atherosclerosis or damage vessels. Insulin is an anabolic hormone: reduces blood glucose levels. Produced by beta cells of the pancreas. Islets of langerhans: secreted in response to high blood glucose. Insulin binds to insulin receptors: causes a signalling cascade inside the cell. Stimulates an anabolic process: glycogen, lipid and protein synthesis, gene expression and growth regulation. High blood glucose: pancreas releases insulin, stimulates glucose uptake, decreases blood glucose. Low blood glucose: pancreases releases glucagon, stimulates the liver to break down. Pancreases can"t produce insulin: require insulin injections, more severe compared to type 2. Early onset: usually occurs during childhood. Cells are insensitive to insulin: associated with obesity, 85-90% of all diabetes cases. Slower onset: usually occurs during adulthood. Decreased number of insulin receptors: cant signal glut4. Impaired chemical signalling for glucose: pancreas cant detect glucose levels.