LINGUIST 1ZZ3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Colorless Green Ideas Sleep Furiously, Phrase Structure Rules, Personal Pronoun
22 Feb 2018
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Surface similarities may mask underlying differences: e. g. visiting relatives can be annoying. Surface differences may mask underlying similarities: i built a house vs the house was built by me . Grammatically depends on operation of phrase structure rules: sentence is separate from schematics where it could make grammatical sense, but still have no meaning. Syntax is separate from meaning: e. g. Basic unit of analysis is the constituent. New boy"s shirt: the boy could be new or the shirt could be new. If the boy is new, then new modifies boy. If the shirt is new, then new modifies boy"s shirt. Any utterance is made up of any number constituents. All words exist within a constituent: can think of constituents like a group of words. Constituents are called phrases : can be hierarchical contain other constituents. Constinuency tests: replacement (personal pronoun; do, there & then, e. g.
