LINGUIST 1AA3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Cleft Sentence, Apple Pie

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Linguistics
• Course: LINGUIST 1AA3
• Professor: Catherine Anderson

Document Summary

Comments about notation (7th to 8th edition of textbook) incl. bar-level in tree diagrams when there are both speci ers and complements within a phrase. Otherwise, we will be using a simpli ed notation. 7th ed. includes bar level in almost all cases (more sophisticated way of creating tree diagram, but not necessary) not an error: do not use shortcuts when the phrase structure includes speci ers and complements. If we know how to label words for parts of speech we need to put them together into bigger classes. > there are different words that go together in a sentence (merge operation) Past = future tense (aux. verb to be + another verb to express future tense) Subject and single verb (to say this, we do not need a predicate) A sentence needs to have a tense verb or else it is not a sentence (could be a phrase, etc. ) modal verbs change the meaning of a sentence.