PSYCH 2AP3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 1, Frontal Lobe, Cognitive Therapy
3 Mar 2017
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Fear/anxiety about public transit/open spaces/enclosed spaces/lines or crowds/being outside home. Hard to escape or get help in case of panic/symptoms. Hpa axis (hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland) hyperactive in anxiety. Stress -> hypothal -> crh -> pituitary -> acth -> Neurotransmitters: serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine too high; gaba too low. Genetics: parents w anxiety 3-5x more likely to have kids w anxiety. 41% mz concordance, 4% dz; 5-15 loci. 5-ht1a receptor: ko -> incr. anxiety; delayed expression still leads to adults with increased anx. 5-htt transporter: reuptake of serotonin, blocked by ssris; somehow decre. S 5-htt allele increases stress-induced depression, amygdala reaction to stress, weakens amygdala connection to frontal lobe. 20-50% of pd w agoraphobia has sep. anx. (anxiolytics) benzodiazapenes which increase gaba activity. Recurring, unexpected panic attacks w sudden intense fear/discomfort. Lifetime usa: 11% (among most prevalent anxiety dis. ) Fear of embarrassment or humiliation in social/performance situations. 10-25% concordance among 1st degree relatives (20x more than controls)
