Comm 190 Week 3.docx

Week 3: Class 5 Chapter 7 Q1 What are the fundamental types of IS within organizations? IS can affect competitive advantage by making the primary and support activities in an organization more productive than those of competitors. Increase productivity is realized when business processes within the organization become more effective and/or efficient. This is true for commercial companies as well as for non-profit organizations and government. Name Era Scope Perspective Example Technolo gy Symbols Calculation 1950-19 Single Eliminate Computed Mainfram systems 80 purpose tedious human payroll and e Your calculations. printed Punch grandda "Just make it paychecks; card d work!" applied debits and credits to the general ledger and the balanced the company's accounting records. Also kept track of inventory quantities. Functional 1975-20 Facilitated Use computer Payroll Mainfram systems ?? the work of to improve expanded to e Your a single operation and become HR, Stand-alo mom department management of general ledger ne PCs or business individual became Networks function departments. financial and LANs reporting, and inventory was merged into operations or manufacturing. HR Financial reporting Order entry Manufacturing (MRP I and MRP II) Integrated 2000- The Develop IS to Customer systems You problem w/ integrate Relationship (also functional separate management cross-functio application departments (CRM) nal or s is their into Enterprise process-base isolation. organization-wi resource d systems) These de business planning (ERP) systems are processes. B/c Some info called business systems have functional process begun to cross silos b/c activities cross not only they are departmental functional designed to boundaries, borders but also work such systems organizational independen are sometimes boundaries. tly of one called These systems another. cross-departme that are used by Reality is ntal or 2 or more that cross-functional related functional systems. companies are systems are Integrated referred to as inter-relate processing inter-organizati d. requires many onal systems. Purchasing departments to Eg. e-commerce influences coordinate their and supply inventory, activities. There chain which may not be management influences clear lines of systems. production, authority across which departments, influences competition can customer be fierce, and satisfaction interdepartmen , which tal rivalries can influences subvert the future development of sales. the new cross-functional system. Chapter 7 Q2 What are functional systems and why are they changing? Function Example Info Systems Marketing and Sales Product management: primary functional system for marketing. 1. To help assess how well their product-marketing effort are working. 2. Sales data are summarized by product, product category, and business line 3. Sales to date are compared to forecasts, sales in past periods, and other expectations 4. If data is current enough, adjustments can be made in advertising and promo programs by moving dollars from, say, to over-performing products to under-performing products Lead tracking: records prospects and keeps track of sales contacts with potential customers Sales forecasting: vital not only for planning production or managing inventories, but also for financial reporting by publicly held companies Customer management: generate follow-up business from existing customers. Salespeople use such systems to determine what products customers have already purchased, to record all contacts w/ the customer, and to follow up for additional revenue generation. Customer service Operations Used by non-manufacturers, such as distributors and retailer Order entry: can take place in-house, where company employees enter orders, or it can be done at web-based, e-commerce sites such as retailer Amazon.ca Order management: track orders through the fulfillment process, handling back orders and order changes as well as providing order status. Inventory management: analyze sales activity and