PSY 605 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Low-Density Lipoprotein, Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Platelet
30 May 2018
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• Demographic Risk Factors for Heart Disease
There are also other risk factors such as:
• Age - prevalence with age is particularly after 45 years of age for men and after 55 for
women
• After 45 yrs of age, prevalence of heart disease for men goes up and for women it goes up
at 55
• Biological Sex
• Why is there a difference? Menopause - women who have not reached menopause
are slightly protected by the hormones in people who are pre menopausal, after
menopause they don't have much protection from progesterone and estrogen and
they end up looking a lot more like men - who already have a higher risk for heart
disease
• Men are more likely to have heart diseases at earlier ages than women
• Women are more likely to die from a heart attack than men are - why is this? Men
have a much more classic pattern to think about a heart disease which is the
numbness, tingling, pain in the left arm and left side of the chest - it's referred pain,
your left arm isnt damaged, the heart is at risk here. Women can get this pattern too
but they are more likely to report a pattern of tightness and congestion in the chest.
They can both have this pattern but men are more likely to have the arm pain which
is why women are less likely yo know that they are having a heart attack and that's
one of the reasons why they are more likely to die from a heart attack because they
are less likely to be aware of what their symptoms means
• Ethnic background
• we know that People of African, South Asian, or First Nations background compared
to the general white population are at a slightly at higher risk while
• Asians vs East Asians are at slightly lower risk
• Its just that certain ethnicities are more at risk than others and it's not that other
ethnicities aren't at risk at all
• Low Socioeconomic Status are likely to get heart diseases at early ages or may die from
heart disease because a lot of the cheaper foods are food that are very high in saturated
fats or salts - salty foods are associated with high blood pressure, less access to healthy
and fresh fruits and vegetables, these things are more accessible if you have money - less
access to health care (neighborhood may not have clinics, insurance coverage)
• Family history: of heart disease, cholesterol
• Behavioural things: Depressed mood/clinical depression, smoking
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• Biggest one: clinical depression
• Risk Factors for Death Via CVD
• Psychosocial Risk Factors
We don't have good data for transgender people
• Cynical hostility: it used to be that people would say you have Type A personality so you're
at risk for dying from a heart disease. Type A personality are people who work hard, high
pressure people. Not laid back, high achievers, I want to get this done and that lot done -
so we used to think folks with Type A personality were at higher risk for cardiovascular
disease. The problem about type A personality was that not everyone with a Type A
personality is the same. Someone may be a little Type A than one person but also less
than another person. Research found that cynical hostility in Type A personality is the
active ingredient in Type A personality. People with cynical hostility view the world in a
very skeptical way and are cynical about other peoples intentions and respond quickly
with anger to something that bothers them. They don't care about other people, they
believe in looking for themselves - they'll assume hostile intention even when there's not
• A great test of cynical hostility is traffic
• So if we think about people who are in traffic, lets say im driving along and someone cuts
me off - ill I e upset aout it? Yeah I'll e pissed off aout it hoeer I do’t ie
people as "look at that a hole/ everyone's a bad driver" - im just like well that was
dangerous - but im not cynical about other peoples intention
• Cardiovascular reactivity
• Exaggerated increases in BP & heart rate
• Then people found that the active ingredient in cynical hostility is cardiovascular
reactivity, some people have exaggerated increases in blood pressure and their heart rates
under stressors
• People who have cynical histility have cardiovas reactivity that is their heart rate and bp
shoot up under stressors far more easily
• Epinephrine levels go up for everyone when angered the prb is that when you have a
lot of sympathetic arousal the system gets ready for danger - FnF is helpful in
dangerous situations but not when you're driving because that will cause blood
clotting and if someone already has atherosclerosis of any type there's a higher risk
for blood clots
• Platelet clots form
• Hyper reactivity is too much activity and there's no reason for you BP to shoot up
every time someone isn't an ideal driver
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Women can get this pattern too but they are more likely to report a pattern of tightness and congestion in the chest. Its just that certain ethnicities are more at risk than others and it"s not that other ethnicities aren"t at risk at all. We don"t have good data for transgender people: cynical hostility: it used to be that people would say you have type a personality so you"re at risk for dying from a heart disease. Type a personality are people who work hard, high pressure people. Not laid back, high achievers, i want to get this done and that lot done - so we used to think folks with type a personality were at higher risk for cardiovascular disease. The problem about type a personality was that not everyone with a type a personality is the same. Someone may be a little type a than one person but also less than another person.
