HE ED110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Erectile Dysfunction, Gender Role, Biofeedback

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turquoiseotter326

21 Jun 2018

School

University of Alberta

Department

Health Education

Course

HE ED110

Professor

Paul Nya

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Chapter 3

Learning Objectives

1. Explain what stress is and how people react to it – physically, emotionally, and

behaviourally

2. Describe the relationship between stress and disease

3. List common sources of stress

4. Describe techniques for preventing and managing stress

5. Create a plan for successfully managing the stress in your life

What is Stress?

Stress refers to situations that trigger physical and emotional reactions and the

reactions themselves

Stressor (situation or event that triggers physical and emotional reactions)

Stress response (the reactions to the stressor)

Stress (describes the general physical and emotional state that accompanies the stress

response)

Actions of the Nervous System

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Two divisions make up the autonomic nervous system:

Parasympathetic (in control when you are relaxed)

Sympathetic (activated during times of arousal)

Actions of the Endocrine System

glands, tissues, cells

Endocrine system is triggered during stress

Glands, tissues, and cells that help control bodily functions by releasing hormones

Helps prepare the body to respond to a stressor

Chemical messages and actions of sympathetic nerves cause the release of key

hormones

Hormones trigger physiological changes

Heart and respiration rates accelerate

Hearing and vision become more acute

Liver releases extra sugar to boost energy

Perspiration increases

Brain releases endorphins

These changes are called the fight-or-flight reaction

Homeostasis



The Fight-or-Flight Reaction in Modern Life

Has served as a survival mechanism

In modern times, the fight-or-flight reaction is “absurdly inappropriate”

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Emotional and Behavioral Responses to Stressors

Cognitive mental appraisal

Successful prediction

Perception of control

Highly individual and strongly related to emotions

Effective responses to stress:

Talking, laughing, exercise, and time-management

 Ineffective responses to stress:

Overeating, procrastination, and frustration

Stress Level, Performance, and Well-Being

Personality and Stress

Personality is the sum of cognitive, behavioural, and emotional tendencies

Type A

Ultracompetitive, controlling ,impatient, aggressive, hostile have a higher

pierceived stress level and more prblems coping wit stress. They

Type B

Relaxed and contemplative

Type C

Anger suppression, difficulty expressing emotions, feelings of hopelessness and

despair, exaggerated response to minor stressors

Type D

Distressed, feel yet do not express negative emotions and avoid social contact

with others

Personality and Stress

Resilience refers to personality traits associated with social and academic success in at-

risk populations

Nonreactive resilience

Homeostatic resilience

Positive growth resilience

Personality and Stress

Cultural background and family background can influence reaction to stress

Gender role affects one’s experience of stress

Past experiences can profoundly influence the evaluation of a potential stressor

The Stress Experience as a Whole

Stress and Health

The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is a pattern of stress responses consisting of

three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Stress can be either eustress or distress.

Allostatic load refers to the long-term wear and tear of the stress response.

Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interactions among the nervous, endocrine,

and immune systems.

Stress and Health

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Document Summary

Stress refers to situations that trigger physical and emotional reactions and the reactions themselves. Stressor (situation or event that triggers physical and emotional reactions) Stress response (the reactions to the stressor) Stress (describes the general physical and emotional state that accompanies the stress response) Two divisions make up the autonomic nervous system: Parasympathetic (in control when you are relaxed) Actions of the endocrine system glands, tissues, cells. Glands, tissues, and cells that help control bodily functions by releasing hormones. Helps prepare the body to respond to a stressor. Chemical messages and actions of sympathetic nerves cause the release of key hormones. Liver releases extra sugar to boost energy. These changes are called the fight-or-flight reaction. In modern times, the fight-or-flight reaction is absurdly inappropriate . Highly individual and strongly related to emotions. Personality is the sum of cognitive, behavioural, and emotional tendencies. Ultracompetitive, controlling ,impatient, aggressive, hostile have a higher pierceived stress level and more prblems coping wit stress.

Related Questions

1. Kidneys help to maintain a proper balance of _________ within the body.

Phosphorous

Chloride

Potassium

Calcium Phosphate

ions

All of the above

2. The nervous system has how many major categories?

3. Which major category of the nervous system contains both the Somatic and the Autonomic divisions?

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Neither of these

Both of these

4. Which organ or structure helps to control the master endocrine gland (pituitary gland)?

The pancreas

The thorax

Peyerâs patches

The hypothalamus

6. This tiny gland is located at the base of the brain and produces the hormone melanin.

Parathyroid

Pituitary

Hypothalamus

Pineal

7. These glands are situated right above the kidneys. The hormones produced by these glands help us to cope with stress.

Thyroid

Parathyroid

Hypothalamus

Adrenals

8. The hormones necessary for the production of sperm are produced in the __________.

Kidneys

Testes

Ovaries

None of the above

9. The bloodstream assists the endocrine organs and structures by:

Removing hormones from the body

Delivering hormones to target cells

Delivering hormones to secretory cells

The bloodstream does not come into contact with endocrine structures or organs
10. The pancreas _____________.

Is a master gland that controls many other glands

Produces progesterone and oestrogen

Is a salivary gland

Regulates blood sugar, aid in digestion

11. The basic function of the endocrine system is ________ in nature.

Digestive

Reproductive

Hormonal

Proximal

13. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are experienced by many people during their lifetimes. Urinary tract infections can involve any bacterial infection of the urinary system structures; the kidneys, bladder, ureters, or urethra. They are caused by bacteria entering the body through the urethra and traveling upward into the body. Symptoms can range from mild discomfort when urinating to extreme pain and the loss of blood during urination. They occur more frequently in women than men, and are often treated by antibiotics in addition to home remedies, such as drinking more water and drinking cranberry juice.

Based on what you have learned about the cause of urinary tract infections, which of the following precautions would help to prevent reoccurring infections?

Taking pain medication when symptoms occur

Placing a hot pack on the abdomen when symptoms occur

Practicing good hygiene Exercising regularly

14. The nervous system is divided into two major divisions: the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System. Those divisions have structures that can be classified as belonging to two different subdivisions: the Somatic and the Autonomic systems. The nervous system can be summarized as a complex system of interconnected nerves and special cells called neurons that are used to transmit information (by means of small electrical impulses). Use the information in the table below to help answer questions about the nervous system. Division Organs & Structures Functions Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain Spinal Cord Nerves This is the bodyâs assessment and communication center. It analyzes the information received from the sensory neurons and responds. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Sensory Neurons Ganglia (clusters of neurons) Nerves that connect to one another and to the CNS The sensory neurons react to physical stimuli such as light, sound, heat, and pressure, and transmit that information to the CNS. Subdivisions Description Examples Somatic The Somatic system is comprised of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the muscles of the body and sensory receptors in the skin. Reactions to physical stimuli like heat or light. Using your hand to touch Eating food Autonomic The Autonomic system largely involuntary. This system controls the unconscious functions of the body. Breathing Blood Pressure

Feeling overwhelmed or startled by exposure to very loud noises is likely a reaction to information collected by which subdivision of the nervous system:

Somatic

Autonomic

No answer text provided.

15. The thyroid gland is perhaps the most well-known member of the pancreatic system. Many adults are screened for thyroid problems during routine physical exams. This butterfly shaped gland is found at the base of the neck and releases hormones that affect the bodyâs metabolism (the way the body uses energy). The thyroidâs two main hormones are T3 and T4, and they affect many body functions, including: â¢ Breathing â¢ Heart rate â¢ Central and peripheral nervous systems â¢ Body weight â¢ Muscle strength â¢ Menstrual cycles â¢ Body temperature â¢ Cholesterol levels Two common disorders associated with the thyroid include hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Some of the symptoms associated with these disorders are listed in the table below. Hyperthyroidism (Too many hormones released) Hypothyroidism (Too few hormones released) Anxiety Irritability or moodiness Nervousness, hyperactivity Sweating or sensitivity to high temperatures Hand trembling (shaking) Hair loss Missed or light menstrual periods Trouble sleeping Tiredness and fatigue Difficulty concentrating Dry skin and hair Depression Sensitivity to cold temperature Frequent, heavy periods Joint and muscle pain A patient complains of arthritis-like pain in the joints of her hands, but tests for arthritis come back negative. The doctor then suggests a thyroid function test. The doctor is most likely concerned about:

High levels of T3 and T4 hormones in the body

Low levels of T3 and T4 hormones in the body

No answer text provided.

No answer text provided

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HE ED110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Erectile Dysfunction, Gender Role, Biofeedback

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