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IMIN200 Lecture Notes - T-Cell Receptor, Mhc Class I, Mhc Class Ii

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sangriaseal840
10 Apr 2014
School
University of Alberta
Department
Immunology and Infection
Course
IMIN200
Professor
All

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Document Summary

After studying lecture #8, you should be familiar with the following concepts: the t cell receptor (tcr). T cells detect foreign antigen through the tcr. Tcr is a heterodimer composed of an and a chain. Each chain contains a variable and a constant region. The variable region is responsible for antigen recognition. Tcr is permanently anchored in the plasma membrane and has no effector functions. Similar to the bcr, a tcr is generated through somatic recombination. V, j and c gene segments form the chain and separate v, d, j and c gene segments form the chain. Upon successful formation of an chain at one locus recombination is shut off at the other locus. This is referred to as allelic exclusion and it ensures that each t cell expresses a single chain. Allelic exclusion also occurs at the chain locus and during. The tcr interacts with antigenic peptides presented by. Mhc molecules (either class i or class ii).

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Related Questions

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

The germline organization of Ig and TCR genes is different in a liver cell as in a mature B or T lymphocyte.
Positive selection is a checkpoint during lymphocyte maturation that ensures the survival of functionally useful lymphocytes.
In the Ig heavy chain gene locus there is found a cluster of V genes and a cluster of J genes.
Only the TCR-alpha gene locus contains D gene segments.
Developing T cells that have a high affinity for self-proteins survive the negative selection checkpoint.

indicate whether you think the statements are true or false, and explain your reasoning. In each of your answers, provide 1-2 specific examples that support your position. (Each of your four answers is worth five points):

A) Memory cells require fewer distinct signals to be activated than naïve cells require.

B) Both B cells and T cells undergo ‘clonal selection’ after they are activated by antigen.

C) A B cell is only able to present antigen to a T cell that includes the epitope to which the

B cell’s receptor bound.

D) T cells can recognize peptide antigens in the context of MHC I and MHC II regardless of

whether they are Thelper or Tcytotoxic cells.

E) B cells and T cells can both still make productive antigen receptors via V(D)J

recombination even if no P-nucleotides are introduced during the process.

F) Allelic exclusion takes place when a naïve T or B cell encounters its specific non-self antigen for the first time and determines whether or not to become activated.

G) B cells have more chances to make a productively rearranged antigen receptor than T cells do.

H) A majority of immature T cells developing in the thymus will survive both positive and negative selection.

I) The reason why T cells are the only type of white blood cell that requires maturation in a specialized organ outside the bone marrow is because they are the only ones that must have antigen processed and presented to them before they can be activated.

True / False Questions

01. _____ Antibody is composed of 2identical long heavy chains and 2 identical shorter lightchains.

02. _____ Variable (V) and constant(C) regions are part of both heavy and light chains.

03. _____ Variable regions for heavyand light chains from the same antibody molecule are alwaysidentical.

04. _____ Variable region of lightchains are encoded by the DNA sequences that contain rearranged V,D, and J segments.

05. _____ Fc part of the antibody isnot important, F(ab’)2 fragment has the same binding andeffector capacity.

06. _____ Fab fragments are generatedby alternative splicing.

07. _____ J chain is used as asurrogate light chain during pre-B cell receptor testing forsuccessful V(D)J rearrangement.

08. _____ Binding of the antigen byantibody is stabilized by disulfide bonds.

09. _____ RAG1/2 are always expressedin B cells at high level, because B cells need RAG1/2 to constantlyrearrange their V regions.

10. _____ “N” (non template)nucleotides are added by TdT.

11. _____ The 12/23 rule is appliedduring class switching.

12. _____ For B cells, V(D)Jrecombination occurs only in the bone marrow.

13. _____ The process of somatichypermutation helps to improve specificity of the antibody.

14. _____ In late pro-B cells, Vsegment is rearranged with DJ segments.

15. _____ Failure to eliminateself-reactive B cells may lead to serious autoimmune diseases.

16. _____ Mature, naïve B cellsexpress IgD and any of the other classes of antibody (IgM, IgG,IgA, or IgE) on their surfaces.

17. _____ B1 cells are present in theperitoneal cavity, pleural spaces and brain.

18. _____ AID (activation inducedcytidine deaminase) is expressed only in B cells and it canintroduce breaks in double stranded DNA.

19. _____ Different classes (isotypes)of antibodies have different effector functions, which aretriggered by special receptors expressed by a variety of cells.

20. _____ Plasma cells are terminallydifferentiated cells that produce large quantities ofantibodies.

21. _____ Repeated exposure to thesame antigen eventually leads to immunological exhaustion and lackof immunity, because there is no room for new plasma cells in thebone marrow.

22. _____ Germinal centers arespecialized sites within the bone marrow where Ig genes ofactivated B cells undergo affinity maturation.

23. _____ B cells can present antigensto T helper cells.

24. _____ Co-stimulatory molecules arerequired for efficient generation of memory B cells.

25. _____ Lymphocytes migrate to thelymphoid tissues in response to chemokines.

26. _____ Class switching duringgerminal center reaction is a random process.

27. _____ T cell independent responsescan generate strong and long lasting B cell memory.

28. _____ Fc receptors that arepresent on many different cell types are crucial for removal of thepathogens.

29. _____ The ideal vaccine should bedesigned to mimic the natural course of infection without causingsymptoms of the disease.

30. _____ The protective immunity canbe generated against any pathogen because there is virtuallyunlimited number of possible V regions, thus any antigen can berecognize by an antibody.