BIOC 2580 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Citric Acid Cycle, Renal Medulla, Adipose Tissue
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21 Oct 2016
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Lecture 13 glycolysis anaerobic energy generation glycogen (animals) starch (plants) Diabetes = low/no insulin = blood glucose not taken up into cells adequately. ~anaerobic microorganisms completely dependent on glycolysis for energy generation. Complete oxidation of glucose co2 and h2o. Stage 1 = glycolysis + pyruvate dehydrogenase (cytosol) Stage 2 = tca cycle (the citric acid cycle) Glucose = highly polar = cannot enter cells via passive diffusion across membrane. Gluts = glucose transporters = transporter protiens = reside in cell membrane = catalyze glucose import. Insulin = hormone = stimulates glut-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal and adipose tissue. Fasting blood glucose []~5mm = one of the most abundant small molecules in body. Some tissues and cell types are solely dependent on glycolysis for the provision of energy. Only pathway that can provide energy under anaerobic conditions. First 5 = preparatory phase = atp used to phosphorylate and activate glucose. Next 5 = pay off phase = net generation of atp.
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Fill in the blank in the following table:
metabolic cycle | location pro/ eukaryote | components | substrates | products | pathway purpose |
embden- meyerhof- parnas (glycolysis) | cytoplasm/ cytoplasm | 10 enzymes | |||
pentose phosphate pathway | cytoplasm/ cytoplasm | dozen enzyme | 1 Glucose (6 carbon), 1 NADP, 1ATP | 1 Ribose-P (5 carbon) + 1CO2, 1NADPH, or sugars, 1 ADP | Nucleotide synthesis, NADPH for anabolism |
PDH reaction | cytoplasm/ mitochondria matrix | ||||
TCA/ Krebs/ citric acid cycle | generation of high energy electron carriers, provide metabolic precursors | ||||
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (aerobic respiration) | |||||
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (anaerobic respiration) | 1Nitrate or sulfate or CO2, 1NADH + ____ ADP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ADP | N2, or NO2 or H2S or CH4 1NAD + ____ ATP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ATP | Generate proton motive forces abd use to generate ATP regenerate NAD+ | ||
Fermentation | cytoplasm/ cytoplasm | 1 or more enzymes (vary by organism) | 1 pyruvate, 1 NADH | 1 alcohol or acid (maybe 1 CO2) NAD+ | Regenerate NAD+ |