BIOL 1080 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Adaptive Immune System, Neurofibrillary Tangle, Mast Cell

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18 Nov 2017

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Nonspecific defenses: recognizes pathogens, doesn"t create a memory, also known as the. Specific defenses: recognizes pathogen, creates a memory so if the bug is seen in the future, it can fight it off, also known as the adaptive immune system . First line of defense is a nonspecific physical and chemical surface barriers. If the pathogen penetrates barriers, the second line of defense is a nonspecific internal cellular and chemical defense. If the pathogen survives nonspecific internal defenses, the third line of defense is a specific immune response. Many physical barriers ex. tears, saliva, skin, respiratory tract, large intestine, stomach and bladder. Human body needs to be protected from everything that goes through it. There are two types of phagocytes: neutrophils: first ones on the scene, macrophages: consume almost anything, engulf anything foreign, spits out debris. Target pathogens/ invading organisms are too large for phagocytosis. Natural killer cells: constantly circulate and patrol for non-self.

Related Questions

Host Defenses Activity

Our ability to fight off infection is three fold. Below is a list of terms that deal with our defenses. Match the definition with the terms on this sheet and then fill in the attached diagram with the terms below.

Host Defenses

1st Line of defense ___G_
2nd line of defense ____
3rd line of defense ____
Innate, nonspecific immunity____
Acquired, specific immunity____
T lymphocytes____
Complement____
Physical barriers____
Phagocytosis____
Chemical barriers____
Inflammatory response____
Fever____
B lymphocytes _____

Matching Definitions

A. immunity present at birth, provide nonspecific resistance to infection
B. Adaptive immunities: Immunity that develops after the interaction of antigens with the immune system
C. Many different types, involved in cell-to-cell contact or CMI
D. barrier that blocks invasion at the portal of entry
E. Protective cells and fluids; inflammation and phagocytosis
F .Acquired with exposure to foreign substance; produces protective antibodies and creates memory cells
G. Skin and mucus membranes
H. Bile, stomach acid, skin pH, lysozyme
I. Surveys tissue and discover microbes and dead or injured cells and removes them
J. 26 blood proteins that work to destroy bacteria and viruses
K. Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor
L. Initiated by circulating pyrogens which reset the hypothalamus to inhibit the growth of microbes
M. Responsible for AMI and production of antibodies

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a tool that has been very useful in identifying what parts of the brain do what. Scientists can have a person perform some particular activity and then look for active areas in the brain. How does fMRI work?

	A.	It takes a picture of the inside of the brain according to electricity levels. The more electrical current in the area, the more active it is.
	B.	It takes a picture of the inside of the brain according to blood flow. More blood flow indicates more activity in that area.
	C.	It takes images of thin layers of the brain and the more electrical activity in a layer, the more magnetic it is and this shows up in fMRI.
	D.	Electrodes attached to the skull can trigger activity in particular brain areas which then trigger a person to perform certain behaviors.
	E.	It takes a picture of the brain according to oxygen levels. More oxygen in an area indicates more activity in that area.

The strategy of vaccination to fight diseases uses what type of immunity?

	A.	Non-specific immunity
	B.	Cell-mediated immunity
	C.	Natural immunity
	D.	Specific immunity
	E.	Passive immunity

If you came into contact with Vibrio, what defense do you have to keep it from even getting to your intestines?

	A.	Your skin is an effective barrier against bacteria you come in contact with.
	B.	Antimicrobial enzymes in saliva
	C.	Acid in the stomach
	D.	Mucous membranes in the digestive and respiratory tract
	E.	All of the above

What do B cells do when they identify a pathogen?

	A.	Engulf and eat it
	B.	Kill it
	C.	Produce antigens to bind to the pathogen and memory cells to guard against future infection.
	D.	Produce antibodies to bind to the pathogen and memory cells to guard against future infection.
	E.	Engage helper T cells to fight the infection

There are chemical signals that call on non-infected cells to help fight a virus. Which are they?

	A.	Complement proteins
	B.	Macrophages
	C.	B cells
	D.	Interferons
	E.	Natural killer cells

When someone gets a bone marrow transplant, they have to be quarantined and carefully protected from pathogens for a period of time afterward. Why?

	A.	Bone marrow produces the main cells involved in the specific immune response, so these patients are at special risk of infection until they build up enough marrow to produce sufficient cells.
	B.	Bone marrow produces blood cells, so they have insufficient circulation for a period of time so their immune system lacks the energy to fight off any infection.
	C.	Anytime a foreign substance, even someone else's bone marrow, is introduced to a body, there is an extra risk of infection.
	D.	A common complication of bone marrow transplants is infection, and doctor's don't want the infection to spread to others.
	E.	It's a traumatic procedure, and any extra stress on their body could kill them.

BIOL 1080 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Adaptive Immune System, Neurofibrillary Tangle, Mast Cell

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