BIOM 3090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Ibuprofen, Alprazolam, Tylenol (Brand)
9 Jun 2018
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BIOM 3090 CLASS NOTES
Dispensing medicines: drug schedules
- drugs are categorized (scheduled) based on
o safety concerns
o abuse potentials: drugs with recreational value have increased
potential
o ability of a lay person to understand and execute directions for their
use
- scheduling of drugs/products dictates
o how drug is ordered/prescribed by physician for dispensing from a
pharmacy
o how the drug is obtained by the patient
o schedules may be found at the Natural association of Pharmacy
Regulatory authorities
- Drug schedules
o NAPRA I: prescription needed for sale by Pharmacist; includes
prescription drugs (Pr), narcotics (N) (ex. morphine), controlled
substances (C1, C2, C3) and targeted substances (TS) (ex. Xanax,
steroids)
o NAPRA II: prescription not required; however must be dispensed by
the pharmacist behind the counter: Ex. For insulin you don’t need a
prescription but you have the ask the pharmacist for it and they will
decide whether to give it to you or not
o NAPRA III: client may obtain at the pharmacy without the need of the
pharmacist; all the drugs behind the shelf
o Unscheduled: client may obtain at retail stores as well as pharmacy:
Advil, Tylenol
Nature of drugs
- a drug (aka ligand) is any substance that brings about a change in biological
function through its chemical actions
o the actions of drugs on the body is termed PHARMACODYNAMICS
o the actions of the body on drugs is termed PHARMACOKINETICS
- useful drugs must have properties enabling transport from the site of
administration to the target site (aka biophase)
- useful drugs should be inactivated and excreted from the body at a
reasonable rate to avoid duration of action concerns
- at room temperature..
o most drugs are solids (ex. aspirin): even powdered drugs that cane be
mixed with a liquid and ingested are also solid drugs
o some are liquids ex. ethanol, nicotine, inhalant anaesthetics
o few are gases ex. nitrous oxide
Drug receptor interactions: Overview
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Drug schedules: napra i: prescription needed for sale by pharmacist; includes prescription drugs (pr), narcotics (n) (ex. morphine), controlled substances (c1, c2, c3) and targeted substances (ts) (ex. Xanax, steroids: napra ii: prescription not required; however must be dispensed by the pharmacist behind the counter: ex. Useful drugs must have properties enabling transport from the site of administration to the target site (aka biophase) Useful drugs should be inactivated and excreted from the body at a reasonable rate to avoid duration of action concerns. Most drugs are small organic molecules that produce effects by interacting with macromolecular components of the organism called receptors. Proteins represent the most important type of receptor for drugs: some are hormones (ex. insulin, growth factors, neurotransmitters, enzymes for metabolic pathways, transporters (ex. Na+, k + atpase: structural proteins (ex. tubulin and nucleic acids) Intermolecular interactions: sum total of forces imparts high affinity of the drug for receptor.
