FRHD 2110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Dyslexia, Phonological Awareness, Attention
29 May 2018
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STUDENTS WITH SPECIFIC LEARNING DISORDERS
• Learning disabilities
o Disorders that affect learning in individuals who otherwise demonstrate at least
average abilities for thinking and reasoning
▪ Range in severity
▪ May interfere with
• Oral language
• Reading
• Written language
• Mathematics
o Assessment
▪ Standardized tests
• Norm referenced age equivalency
o Age typical children obtain reported score
• Standard scores
o Performance in comparison to a standardized sample of
same aged peers
▪ Limited by
• Scope of measured skills
• Length of time considered valid
• Percentiles
o Idiidual’s plaeet out of all people ho hae take
the test
▪ 16-84th percentile=average
▪ BRIEF
• Behavior rating inventory of executive functioning
o Inhibit
o Shift
o Emotional control
o Initiate
o Working memory
o Plan/organize
o Material organization
o Monitor
o Diagnostic criteria
▪ Specific learning disorder
• Difficulty learning/using academic skills
• Interferes with academic performance
• Learning difficulties began during school age years
• Not better accounted for by other mental or neurological
disorders
• Levels
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o Mild
▪ Can function with appropriate
accommodations/support services
o Moderate
▪ Unlikely to become proficient without intervals of
specialized teaching
o Severe
▪ Unlikely to learn without ongoing specialized
teaching
• Learning disabilities and factors influencing them
o Heredity
▪ Tends to run in families
• More males than females are diagnosed with learning disabilities
o Environment
▪ Complicates heredity
• Teratogens
o Radiation
o Maternal infections
o Chemicals
o Drugs
• Injuries
• Hearing/vision problems
• Socioeconomic factors
• Cultural differences
• Motivation
• Ineffective teaching
• Learning disabilities and development
o Cognitive
▪ Difficulty
• Learning
• Studying
• Organization
▪ Also
• Psychological processing
o Visual
o Auditory
• Phonological awareness
o Sounds of language
• Oral language
o Listening
o Speaking
o Vocab
• Reading
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