MCB 2050 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Gout, Lipid Metabolism, Cytosol

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sapphirecockroach400

22 Aug 2018

School

University of Guelph

Department

Molecular and Cellular Biology

Course

MCB 2050

Professor

ALL

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Document Summary

Chloroplast and peroxisomes: chloroplasts and peroxisomes, chloroplasts morphology internal structure and stromules, chloroplast protein targeting stroma and thylakoid protein import, peroxisome biogenesis and protein import. Chloroplasts: semi-autonomous plant cell organelle derived from photosynthetic cyanobacterium, site of photosynthesis (ps) O2 + energy rich carbohydrates (sugars) aerobic respiration in mitochondria. Co2 + atp (chemical energy: also involved in several other important metabolic processes, e. g. , fatty acid and amino acid biosynthesis, nitrogen and sulfur assimilation. Chloroplast: dynamics: chloroplasts ( mitochondria) are often highly mobile in cells, move along cytoskeleton elements via molecular motors. Time-lapse movie illustrating the movement of chlorophyll-containing chloroplasts in leaf cells. 3d image of grana & stromal thylakoids and lipid droplets based on em tomography: stroma aqueous interior (space inside of envelope and outside of thylakoids) Chloroplast protein targeting: toc and tic complexes are also involved in the insertion & assembly or import of other chloroplast proteins, e. g. , outer and inner envelope membrane proteins.

Related Questions

Please give a brief answer for each question:

1. What are the functions of the Golgi complex, which parts oftheir structures help them to play those roles? which type ofprotein you never find in golgi complex?

2. In human body, meiosis is restricted in?

3. Asters definition, structures and functions?

4. Common features of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes divisionprocess?

5. Which protein for chromatids separation before the journey tospindle poles?

6. Difference between somatic and germline cell?

7. Roles of carbohydrates in cell structures and livingactions?

8. Which organelle contain enzyme such as H2O2 as a by product?Detail its structure and function?

9. Which is the site in biosynthetic pathway where final sortingdecision are made to target protein to the cell surface, lysosomesor secretary granules

10. Which exact place in nucleus are to produce and to assembleribosomes

11. Detail the feature of telophase in meiosis?

12. Which life cycle occur in flowering plants? Detail thefeatures of this type of lifecycle?

- Same question with fungi?

13. What are the kinetochores and their functions?

14. Unique characteristics of Meiosis I that different fromMeiosis II and mitosis?

15. Types of transportation in cell?

16. Detail the Robert Whitakerâs proposal?

17. Lysosome and Peroxisomes differences?

18. Microtubules and Intermediate filaments differences?

19. What are the plastids and their functions? s

20. Cell use which structures for their internal movement?

21. Gametes produced from where and what types of cell?

22. What is the point where replicated chromosomes attach to themicrotubules of the spindle apparatus?

23. Which theory proposed to explain the possible origin ofchloroplasts and mitochondria?

24. Types of fibers in mitosis spindles and their function?

25. Dark reations of photosynthesis occur where inchloroplast?

26. Centriole structure is a ring of how many groups ofmicrotubules?

27. The Cart Woese proposal?

28. Function of Peroxisomes?

29. Functions of Mitochondria DNA

30. Detail the structure of cell membrane?

31. Which structure are the cell power reducer and are the siteof cellular respiration

32. Which structure will never been found in the plant cell butin the animal cell?

33. What are the motor protein and their function in cell?

cyanllama909

________30. If you are investigating the inner structure of a new cell and see that it has a significantly larger amount of RER than other cells. You would conclude the cell does a great deal of____?
A. ATP synthesis

B. protein synthesis
C. DNA synthesis
D. active transport
E. polysaccharide hydrolysis

________31. If a cell comes in contact with a toxic substance such as H2O2, it could survive as long as it has a ___ to digest it.
A. DNA
B. peroxisome

C. mitochondria
D. phospholipids
E. intermediate filaments

________32. Some cells have structures to help them withstand osmotic pressure. For example,
A. Plant cells due to their walls
B. Animal cells due to the sodium/potassium pumps

C. Bacterial cell due to their swimming

D. Viruses due to their protein coats

________33. Evolution occurs only as a cell ____.

A. They undergo mitosis
B. Change in their gene pool
C. They move from one habitat to another

D. They begin to eat different foods

________34. Ribosomes are produced in the

A. nucleoli.
B. chromatin.
C. nuclear envelopes.

D. Golgi complex. E. cisternae.

________35. Algae are often green, but there are red and brown species also. What accounts for this difference in color?
A. The chlorophyll of chloroplasts
B. The pigments in other plastids

C. The presence of a mitochondria
D. The accumulation of cellular wastes

________36. The chloroplast and other like prokaryotes have which of the following that helps with photosynthesis?
A. They live in water based environments
B. They have chloroplasts in their cytoplasm

C. Change color in the dark vs. the sun
D. They have photoreceptor proteins in their membranes or mesosomes.

________37. Located in the membrane, we see a set of proteins called receptors that only connect with or bind to specific substances. This is called __.
A. ligand specificity.
B. hormone selectivity.

C. cell tonicity.
D. water saturation. E. signal resolution.

________38. Of the following statements, we could say that ___ is false.
A. All organisms are composed of cells and cell products.
B. An organism's structure and all of its functions are due to the activities of cells.
C. The cellular organelles are the simplest structural and functional unit of life.
D. Cells come from preexisting cells.
E. Cells are made from nonliving components including the nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm.

________39. If it is really true that our cells are the smallest anatomical unit that meets all of the properties of life, then which of the following could imply otherwise?
A. vacuoles
B. centrioles

C. Golgi apparatus
D. mitochondria
E. endoplasmic reticulum

________40. Oxygen is an absolute need for animal and plant cells alike due to the ___.

A. RER
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosomes

D. DNA

________41. In a plasma membrane, we expect to see the carb/protein structures to extend into the ___, but the secondary messengers to move within the __.
A. extracellular fluid; cytosol
B. cytosol; extracellular fluid

C. intracellular fluid; cytosol

D. cytosol; intracellular fluid

E. extracellular fluid; plasma

________42. Bacteria are found in all of the following habitats:

A. Caves
B. Oceans
C. Animals

D. Everywhere on Earth

________43. Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solution A has a higher concentration of an impermeable solute compared to solution B. Which of the following do you expect would happen?
A. solute will move from solution A to solution B

B. solute will move from solution B to solution A

C. water will more from solution A to solution B

D. water will move from solution B to solution A E. no movement of solute or water will occur

________44. In the kidney, we notice that almost all of the cells involved in the production of urine have high concentrations of the Na+/K+ pump. Which typically works to push Na+ ___ its concentration gradient by using ___.
A. up; active transport

B. up; facilitated transport
C. up; cotransport
D. down; active transport
E. down; facilitated transport

________45. In the charts of a patient recently admitted to the hospital noted that he was taking a medication called lithium and high doses of calcium supplements. Given this, we would expect the patientâs liver to have a higher than normal amount of __ to purify out the lithium and calcium.

A. lysosomes.
B. centrosomes.
C. mitochondria.
D. peroxisomes.
E. rough endoplasmic reticulum.

________46. We have long observed that our neural cells in the brain cannot replicate or replace themselves due to the lack of ____.
A. produce ATP.
B. divide.

C. produce enzymes.
D. secrete material across their plasma membrane E. conduct electrical signals.

________47. An organismâs structure and function is ultimately due to the structure and function of itâs __.
A. Organs
B. Tissues

C. Cells

D. Nuclei

Chapter 6: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

What is the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

What are the products of cellular respiration?

What does pyruvate do?

The conversion of CO2 and H2O into organic compounds using energy from light is called what?

If ATP accumulates in a cell, what happens?

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because the drug inhibits what?

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP(s).

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in what?

Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and thus sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules derived from other organisms?

What is an example of a photoautotroph?

What is the origin of chloroplasts?

In the chloroplast, sugars are made in a compartment that is filled with a thick fluid called what?

The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from what?

What is the use and production of CO₂ in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Know the parts of the chloroplast. Which structure in the chloroplast represents the thylakoid membrane?

What molecules are reactants of photosynthesis?

What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis?

Why are most plants green?

Chapter 8: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

What is called the creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg?

How do eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes?

Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures are called what?

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase?

What occurs during interphase?

What is the process called by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells?

What is the phase of mitosis during which the mitotic spindle begins to form?

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form?

What feature of plant cell division distinguishes it from animal cell division?

What features likely accounts for the difference between plant and animal cell cytokinesis?

What must occur for a plant or animal to grow and develop normally?

Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance

Most genetic disorders of humans are caused by what type of alleles?

What is the difference between genotypes and phenotypes?

What are the individual features of all organisms?

What does the chromosome theory of inheritance state?

What is the normal complement of sex chromosomes in a human male?

The sex chromosome complement of a normal human female is what?

How many sex chromosomes are in a human gamete?

What is the gene located on a sex chromosome called?

Why are sex-linked conditions more common in men than in women?

Chapter 12: DNA Technology and Genomics

How long has Biotechnology been around?

What do restriction enzymes do?

What are "Sticky ends"?

What is the best definition of a genomic library?

What is a nucleic acid probe?

The only cells that can correctly attach sugars to proteins to form glycoprotein products are what?

How does a vaccine work?

What is the preferred name of the technique used to determine if DNA comes from a particular individual?

The polymerase chain reaction relies upon unusual, heat-resistant ________ that were isolated from bacteria living in hot springs.

Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules on the basis of their what?

MCB 2050 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Gout, Lipid Metabolism, Cytosol

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