NUTR 3210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Oxidative Stress, Selenocysteine, Galactose

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harlequinantelope299

22 Mar 2017

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Superoxide dismutase (sod) uses cu, zn as an (cid:862)electron donor(cid:863) Hydrogen peroxide reacts with an electrons and glutathione perioxidase catalyzes the reaction to remove water and produce hydroxyl radical. The hydroxyl radical can attack macromolecules (dna, lipids), and can lead to cancer or cell death. Vitamin e 4 tocotrienols: unsaturated side chain (phytyl chain, nomenclature similar to tocopherols, found esterified in foods. Legumes, grains, etc: pancreatic esterase required for absorption, lower levels in food compared to tocopherols, tocotrienols have antioxidant activity in the liver only (not converted to alpha- tocopherol or recognized by ttp) Very rare (<5ug/ml plasma: pre-mature infants, seen with fat malabsorption disorders or gallbladders removed, genetic defects in lipoproteins or ttp. Ideally, no oh will be produced and water will be produced: gsh peroxidase, deficiency in selenium will render this line of defense unusable. The hydroxyl radical will take an electron from a pufa to produce water, and you now have a.

Related Questions

35. During the complete catabolism of glucose, CO2 is released during ____ (note: Krebs cycle = citric acid cycle)
A. glycolysis only
B. Krebs cycle only
C. Krebs cycle and oxidation of pyruvate
D. oxidation of pyruvate only
E. Krebs cycle, glycolysis and oxidation of pyruvate

36. A reaction center, a primary electron acceptor and many chlorophyll molecules are all components of a/an _________ .
A. fluorescence center
B. photosystem
C. electron transport chain
D. carbon-fixation unit
E. electromagnetic spectrum

37. Which of the following generates the most reducing power?
A. anabolism of isoleucine
B. Calvin cycle
C. glycolysis
D. citric acid cycle
E. Hobbes reactions

38. After completion of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of _____.

A. acetyl CoA
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. CO2
E. FADH2

39. The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in:
A. all membranes of the chloroplast
B. the stroma
C. the matrix
D. the tonoplast membrane
E. thylakoid membranes

40. When chloroplasts are illuminated with white light, chlorophyll primarily absorbs:
A. photons of all wavelengths
B. green light only
C. red light only
D. blue light only
E. red and blue light

goldwallaby134

force times distance

Question 48

Soccer (assuming field player) is a sport which is 90% aerobic.

True

False

Question 50

Glucose is necessary for fatty acid oxidation because...

		its derivative, pyruvate, is condensated with carbonic acid to form oxaloacetate, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle
		it is needed to convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA which in turn is oxidized to acetyl CoA
		glucose is decarboxylated into cytochrome oxidase which is a necessary intermediate in the citric acid cycle
		its derivative, acetyl CoA, is condensated with carbonic acid to form lactase, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle

Question 51

In aerobic ATP production, the role of oxygen is to...

		to keep the electron transport chain operational
		to accept electrons from the 3rd cytochrome and thereby oxidizing it so it can accept new electrons
		act as a oxidizing agent by accepting electrons from the electron transport chain and combining with hydrogen ions (protons)
		all of the above

Question 52

The primary purpose of the citric acid cycle is...

aerobic glycolysis

gluconeogenesis using lactate

the decarboxylation of carbon compounds to produce NADH.

the shuttling of hydrogen ions through the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 55

Which of the following is the best predictor of marathon running performance?

	A.	Maximal rate of pyruvate oxidation
	B.	Maximal rate of lactate formation
	C.	Amount of adipose tissue triglycerides
	D.	Pre-race blood glucose concentration

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NUTR 3210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Oxidative Stress, Selenocysteine, Galactose

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