NUTR 3210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Ribose, Cellulose, Haworth Projection

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6 Oct 2015

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Next couple of classes : classification & structure, digestion & function, metabolic pathways, impact on health. Complex: oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, homo- & hetero-polysaccharides, glycogen (animal, starch & cellulose (plant, all cho have a h:o ratio of 2:1. Biological systems are stereospecific stereospecific: same molecular formula and sequence, but differ in. Diastereomers (not a mirror: chiral carbon. A carbon with four different atoms or groups. Stereoisomerism: chiral carbon, fischer projection, exist in two forms: d vs. l. The number of stereoisomers for a molecule = 2n (where n = # chiral carbons) D-monosaccharides are nutritionally more important because digestive enzymes are stereospecific for d sugars. Same rules apply for hemiacetal and hemiketal sugars. Recap for cho nomenclature: anomeric vs. chiral carbon. Chiral carbon = 4 different atoms / groups: d vs. l configuration. D confirmation is nutritionally more important: alpha or beta configuration of hemiacetal or hemiketal group. Has -oh group on anomeric carbon pointing up: fischer projection haworth model.

Related Questions

How does the chemical structure of carbohydrates and cellulose (or fiber) differ? How do we benefit from each of these molecules? How do they impact our health and ability to function? How does our body process these molecules?

1. Which of the following criteria is not part of the ICTV classification system?
a. genome composition d. envelope
b. particle size e. spike proteins
c. Capsid symmetry f. host range

2. A viral Capsid is comprised of
a. nucleis acids c. carbohydrates
b. proteins d. lipopolysaccharides

3. fill in the blanks
In the Baltimore classification system, there are __________ classes of DNA viruses and __________ classes of RNA viruses (enter a number for each blank)

4. Plus strand RNA is
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5. fill in the blank
Reverse Transcriptase is an enzyme that catalyzes ____________ production from a ___________ template.

graybeaver288

Use the following article to answer these questions:

http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/nutrient-utilization-in-humans-metabolism-pathways-14234029

1)This article points out that a major misconception, especially for many undergraduates, is that human cells only use glucose as a fuel source. In fact, all three major absorbed end products of the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins can be utilized by most cells for the generation of ATP. What serves as the major entry point (mechanism) for these different classes of molecules that makes it possible for them to serve as fuel for ATP production? Why does this mechanism not work in the absence of oxygen? Hint: consider glycolysis and fermentation.

2)Although many of the approximately 200 cell types in the human body can utilize all three major classes of food molecules for energy, not all can. Why? Provide an example.

NUTR 3210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Ribose, Cellulose, Haworth Projection

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