BIOL130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Glycogen, Amphiphile, Hexose
30 Sep 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Group of molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio (ch2o)n: eg. Glucose c6h12o6: sucrose c12h22o11 disaccharide loses an o. Oligo saccharides (oligo - few) small chains. Attached to proteins glycoprotein (glycol = sweet = carb) Attached to lipids glucolipids: poly saccharides very long sugar chains. Vary in length of carbon skeleton (triose, pentose, hexose) Isomeric forms (glucose, fructose, galactose: identical chemical group arranged differently. Structural isomer identical groups but bonded to different carbons. Stereo isomer identical groups bonded to same carbons but in different orientations, requires chiral center (central carbon with 4 chemically different attachments) 16 different aldo-hexose structures possible, and 8 keto-hexoses all with formula c6h12o6. As fuel: glucose is main source of chemical energy for cellular respiration, galactose must first be converted to glucose before it can be used as fuel. As sweeteners: glucose + fructose = sucrose (table sugar, glucose + galactose = lactose (milk sugar)
