BIO 1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Speciation, Cladogenesis, Synapomorphy

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16 Dec 2017

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Species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding populations, which are reproductively isolated from other such groups. ~ A group is morphologically so different that they are clearly not related. A major way to distinguish two groups still. An irreducible group whose members are descended from a common ancestor and who all possess a combination of certain defining, or derived, traits (see apomorphy). Half the group sticks around as they are and the other half changes slowly to be something else. Are yet to be fully isolated however they are starting to slowly change away from each other. Are not reproductively isolated due to the miniscule amount of changes (can still interbreed) Or californian salamanders (there are so many of them and they"re cute) One group is a mimic of poisonous salamanders. One group is a hiding in the foliage and forest floor salamander. Hybrids of the two groups aren"t viable.

Related Questions

1) Parents from two different species mate and produce a fertileoffspring with a polyploid chromosome number. This is called

	allopolyploidy
	allopatric speciation
	triploidy
	mutation selection
	autopolyploidy

2)A monophyletic group would be best described as:

	a grouping of most, but not all, species descended from a commonancestor
	a grouping of all species descended from a common ancestor,including that ancestor
	a grouping of all species descended from a common ancestor,excluding that ancestor
	a grouping of all species that share a similar set of traits,regardless of whether the traits are homologous or analogous

3) Vicariance refers to:

	a pattern of speciation whereby new species evolve reproductiveisolation in sympatry
	a kind of speciation where a small group of colonists founds apopulation on an island habitat
	a pattern of speciation in which a population is subdivided by ageographical barrier
	a technique for constructing phylogenetic trees based onsynapomorphies

rubymosquito920

Mark all correct statements about the supergroup, Archaeplastida.

Archaeplastida includes all of the photosynthetic organisms on Earth

Archaeplastida includes only species that are descended from an ancestor that is thought to have become photosynthetic by engulfing a photosynthetic prokaryote

Archaeplastida includes all of the photosynthetic eukaryotes on Earth

yellowskunk411

Snapping shrimp used to be able to swim from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean by traveling between North and South America. However, when the Isthmus of Panama appeared (a land bridge that connects the Americas), the shrimp could no longer travel between the oceans and evolved into different species. This an example of

sympatric speciation

allopatric speciation

punctuated speciation

genetic drift

10.

Which of the following refers to a structure that is similar because of descent from a common ancestor (e.g. a human leg and a whale fin)?

Analogous structures

Antonymous structures

Synonymous structures

Homologous structures

11.

Artic foxes have white fur and ptarmigan (birds) have white feathers that help them hide in the snow. Given that their common ancestor did not have white fur or white feathers, these structures are most likely

sister structures

homologous structures

divergent structures

analogous structure

12.

Which of the following statements refers to phylogeny?

		The science of studying the transmission of genetic information.
		The science of classifying organisms.
		method used to organize homologous traits to describe phylogenies using common descendent as the primary criterion used to classify organisms.
		The evolutionary history and relationship of an organism or group of organism.

BIO 1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Speciation, Cladogenesis, Synapomorphy

BIO 1130 Full Course Notes

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