BIO 2133 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Interphase, Centromere, Prophase

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19 May 2016

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Learning module: ploidy is the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell. The sets must consist of homologous chromosomes: genes are located at the same position on chromosomes and their homologues but may be a different allele, genes are a portion of dna that codes for a particular trait. Genes can mutate and take two or more alternative forms called alleles: the lnr element is located 2 to 4 nucleotides away from the initial site. A caat box is a region of dna that occurs 70-80 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start site. Upstream is towards the 5" end and downstream is towards the 3" end. The caat box are critical for the promoter"s ability to initiate transcription. Mutations in the caat site dramatically lower transcription. The tata box is able to define the direction where transcription will take place and also indicates the dna strand to be read.

Related Questions

Which of the following statements are true?

a. All eukaryotic genes contain enhancers, one or more proximal elements, and a core promoter with TATA box.

b. TFIID is required for RNA polymerase to bind at proximal elements.

c. Enhancers can be located upstream or downstream of genes or even within introns.

d. General transcription factors are required for RNA polymerase to bind at enhancer regions.

e. two of the above statements are true

ochreskunk852

1 DNA sequences found in introns provide [A] amino acid sequence information.

[B] regulatory information.
[C] no known useful information.

[D] structure for the gene.
[E] alternative DNA splicing possibilities.

3. The TATA box is a(n)
[A] sequence close to the promoter region of many genes.
[B] square-shaped sequence.
[C] enhancer consensus sequence.
[D] activator sequence necessary for proper translation.
[E] None of the above

5. Regarding genes and gene expression, which of the following is not a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
[A] Eukaryotic DNA does not contain a TATA box close to the initiation site as does prokaryotic DNA.

[B] In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase requires

'transcription factors'or initiation.

[C] Prokaryotic genes are often grouped together in

operons.

[D] In eukaryotes, the regulation of several genes at once requires common control elements in each of the genes.
[E] There is a diversity of eukaryotic polymerases that is reflected in the diversity of eukaryotic promoters.

10) In eukaryotic cells, a repressor

[A] is made of DNA.
[B] binds to the enhancer region to block transcription. [

C] is located both upstream and downstream from the promoter.
[D] binds to the operator to block RNA polymerase.

[E] binds to a silencer to reduce transcription rates.

Coordinated regulation of genes in eukaryotic cells [A] is the result of positioning the same regulatory sequence in front of each gene.
[B] results from all of those genes being under the control of one promoter.

[C] occurs because related genes all have the same

operons.
[D] occurs because enhancers cause DNA to bend.

Match the following:

1	Region which lies upstream of thetranslation start site contains the Shine Dalgarno sequence
2	Sequence added to the 3' end of thepre-mRNA which affects mRNA stability
3	Establishes the reading frame andspecifies the first amino acid of the protein chain
4	DNA sequence that the transcriptionapparatus recognizes and binds to initiate transcription
5	Expressed sequences of DNA that arenot removed during alternative splicing
6	Signals the end of translation andthe protein molecule
7	Group of three nucleotides that codefor an amino acid
8	Site begins the coding region of thegene and is located 25-30 nucleotides downstream of the TATAbox
9	Non-coding sequences of DNA thatintervene within coding regions of a gene
	10 Ribosome binding site ineukaryotes; functions in the initiation of translation and mRNAstability
11	A sequence which lies downstream ofthe coding region of the gene; determines the location of the 3'cleavage site in the pre-mRNA molecule
12	Sequence of nucleotides at the 3' endof the mRNA that is not translated into protein; affects thetranslation and stability of the mRNA molecule

A.	5' untranslated region
B.	AAUAAA consensus sequence
C.	Promoter
D.	Transcription start site
E.	3' untranslated region
F.	Introns
G.	Initiation codon (AUG)
H.	Poly(A) tail
I.	5' cap
J.	Termination codon (UAA, UGA, UAG)
K.	Exons
L.	Sense codon

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BIO 2133 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Interphase, Centromere, Prophase

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