CRM 1301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: John Stuart Mill, Rationality

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sangriafox36

29 Aug 2015

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The notion of liberty as a concept and as a right is only meaningful if and when it is tied to rationality and reason. This does not come out of natural principles (the state of nature) meaning that they are not subject to rationality and reason. He believes that rationality and reason are within the state of nature. Mill is saying that once you have these two things, you will find the state of nature. Once that occurs, they are no longer needed because the state doesn"t change it is immutable and eternal. The ordering of society does not come out of the social contract. He says that the state of nature doesn"t exist. He"s the first person that distances from the social contact explicitly. Mill says that the social contract has wiped out the natural condition of man. We have lost focus of freedom because of it. The notion by which one can do is attached to utility.

Related Questions

1. (TCOs 2, 4, 5, 6) The idea that the assisted suicide of terminally ill patients should be allowed simply at the patient's direction reflects what type of ethics? (Points: 5)

Hobbes' State of Nature
Rand's Objectivism
Aristotle's concept of Virtue
Thomas Aquinas' concept of conscience
Socrates' concept of excellence

Question 2.2. (TCOs 1, 2, 7) What is the moral ideal of compassion? (Points: 5)

Acts of unmerited kindness
Sentiment in response to the suffering of others
Acknowledging the sufferings of others
Acts of altruism
Acts contrary to Objectivism

Question 3.3. (TCOs 1, 2) One of the common errors in Ethics is that of the double standard. The double standard consists of what? (Points: 5)

Discriminating in the application of ethical criteria based on our own preferences
Setting aside ethical criteria in special cases
Taking steps to avoid condemnation of others
Using one set of criteria for judging cases concerning ourselves and another for all others
Suspending judgment when concerned that the consequences would be too severe

Question 4.4. (TCO 2) Prescriptive language is commonly used in ethics for what reason? (Points: 5)

To indicate what is prohibited or impossible
To indicate that one choice is better than others
To show what actions are legal
To convey requirements and obligations
To indicate that there are really no choices available

Question 5.5. (TCOs 7, 8) Each person ought to do whatever will best promote his or her own interests. (Points: 5)

Utilitarianism
Kant's Categorical Imperative
Social Contract Theory
Ethical Egoism
Gilligan

Question 6.6. (TCOs 2, 4, 9) Free people are motivated toward forming social structures according to a social contract in order to overcome what problem identified by Thomas Hobbes? (Points: 5)

The need to overcome disagreements
A perpetual state of warfare
The establishment of a monarchy
Taxation to support the costs of government
Organized ways to select leaders

Question 7.7. (TCOs 3, 6) Agricultural biofuels are not properly a renewable source of energy in the environmental ethics debate. Which of the following also is not a renewable source of energy? (Points: 5)

Windmill turbines
Hydroelectric power
Tidal flow generators
Biomass waste systems
Solar cells

Question 8.8. (TCOs 3, 6, 7) Where in our course does the following phrase apply: 'The only thing good without qualification is a good will'? (Points: 5)

Personal habits of excellence according to Plato
The social contract according to Locke
Deontological ethics according to Mill
Natural law ethics according to Aquinas
Deontological ethics according to Kant

Question 9.9. (TCOs 8, 9) John Stuart Mill's theory of Utilitarianism is the most common form of ethics in use today. It is used so commonly because it belongs to which of the Primary Schools of Ethics? (Points: 5)

Care-based
Ends-based
Economy-based
Law-based
Efficiency-based

Question 10.10. (TCOs 3, 6, 7) What is the purpose of proving whether a syllogism of formal logic is 'valid'? (Points: 5)

To identify the connecting phrase 'therefore' or a synonym of it before proceeding further
To determine whether the situation described is accurate
To determine whether the premises are true before continuing
To determine whether the conclusion proceeds from the premises
To determine that there are only two premise statements in the syllogism

Question 11.11. (TCOs 1, 2) Solving a dilemma involves realizing what aspect of it? (Points: 5)

You will never be satisfied that the right choice was made
Some choices of action are more realistic than others
In deciding to choose one action, the other possible choices will be lost
Not everybody involved will be happy with the choice
There may be significant personal costs to choosing

Question 12.12. (TCOs 1, 2, 7) According to Thomas Aquinas, what ethical capacity do people of every culture naturally possess? (Points: 5)

Logical thinking
Personal virtues
Self-interest
Ability to learn lessons
Conscience

Question 13.13. (TCOs 2, 8) The single criterion for making decisions in utilitarian ethics is what? (Points: 5)

The experience of pleasure
Accounting for unintended consequences
Fiduciary interests to be honored
The amount of happiness produced
The principle to be honored

Question 14.14. (TCOs 1, 2, 5) The world view of ruthless and unending competition for property and wealth was spelled out in which of these concepts? (Points: 5)

Locke's notion of the natural state of man
Rawls' notion of the veil of ignorance
Aristotle's notion of the doctrine of the mean
Hammurabi's code of law
Hobbes' state of nature

Question 15.15. (TCOs 3, 6, 7) Which school of ethics is primarily applied as a practical matter through rights and duties? (Points: 5)

Objectivism
Normative ethics
Consequentialist ethics
Deontological ethics
Interdisciplinary ethics

Question 16.16. (TCOs 2, 7, 8) Personal development and discovery through the repetition of good acts and study of virtue characterize what ethicist? (Points: 5)

Plato
Aristotle
Luther
Augustine
Socrates

Question 17.17. (TCOs 2, 8) Professional societies with codes of ethics and conduct enforce what standard on members beyond the paying of dues? (Points: 5)

Not to engage in other businesses for profit outside of the profession
Personal standards of behavior for family members
Pricing structures for services
Non-competition among members
Meeting ethical and competency standards in order to practice within a jurisdiction

Question 18.18. (TCOs 2, 7) Aristotle's Ethical Doctrine of the Mean measured personal virtues on a scale that included the virtue itself, the excess of it, and the deficiency of it.

If the virtue is GENEROSITY, and the excess is WASTEFULNESS, what is the deficiency?

(Points: 5)

Carefulness
There is no deficiency
Being broke (having no money)
Stinginess
Moderation

Question 19.19. (TCOs 8, 9) Processes and systems designed to slow down disagreeing behavior and think situations through more deliberately are called (Points: 5)

value clarification processes.
conflict resolution systems.
objectivist tactics.
primary schools of ethics.
care-based ethics.

Question 20.20. (TCOs 1, 2) The Latin term a priori describes the origin of knowledge developed rationally, and the term a posteriori describes knowledge developed through observation and experience. What is produced through a priori rational thought that applies to ethics? (Points: 5)

Analysis systems
Principles of ethics
Concern for outcomes
Emotions
Subjective sense of identity

goldmuskrat363

#Using this assignment prompt below and your knowledge from yourreading, come up with three solutions on how to handle the problem.Write 250 words paper#

You take any and every chance you can to get out of the officeand away from your phone and e-mail. You are the sales manager andyour team is outstanding at getting new clients! Recently, your newboss Ethan was hired. He is in charge of scheduling and he's theproduction manager. As your team negotiates new sales, Ethan hasthe final say on the contract. He has to determine if it ispossible to get the order out on time. Since he has started twomonths ago, Ethan always says yes to every order and promises thatit will be on time, but he has yet to deliver.

You have had to take every call from all of the angry customers.Some of the orders are a few days late, but recently some of themhave been up to two weeks late. Customers are upset that the orderis late and are threatening to go elsewhere! You are stuck in themiddle of the sales team and your boss. Everyone is upset exceptfor Ethan. Just last week when you tried to talk to him about it hesaid, "The customers should be happy they are getting a gooddeal."

This has to be taken care of soon or you will lose a lot ofbusiness because the customers are not just talking to you, theyare beginning to post on social media. You have been asked by thePresident of the company to find some solutions that you willdiscuss in the meeting on Friday. You have to have three viablesolutions for the problem. Think creatively, your team and thecompany are counting on you. You also have decided to start threethings immediately that don't need approval from the managementteam right away. Share those as well.

rubyspider503

Read this Wall Street Journal article "Artifact Prices Draw Looters" and answer the questions below.

1. Does an increase in the demand for Indian artifacts cause an increase in the quantity supplied of these artifacts?

2. Does an increase in the unemployment rate result in an increase in the supply (i.e., a shift in the supply curve to the right) of Indian artifacts? Discuss the opportunity cost of time.

3. What is the effect of an increase in both the demand and supply of Indian artifacts in the equilibrium prices and quantities?

U.S. News: Artifact Prices Draw Looters --- Despite Crackdown, Thefts of Indian Antiquities Continue West of the Rockies

Author: Scheck, Justin

Publication info: Wall Street Journal [New York, N.Y] 02 Nov 2012: A.3.

ProQuest document link

Abstract: Over three months this summer, a group of rock climbers in this tiny Sierra Nevada outpost saw a man digging up what appeared to be Indian artifacts on remote federal land. Martin McAllister, a Montana archaeologist who has been performing damage assessments of looting sites for state and federal agencies for over a decade, said he believes looting is up.

Links: Linking Service

Full Text: HOPE VALLEY, Calif. Over three months this summer, a group of rock climbers in this tiny Sierra Nevada outpost saw a man digging up what appeared to be Indian artifacts on remote federal land. On several occasions, they confronted the man, and once chased him into the woods. "We said, 'Hey, dude, what you're doing is disrupting nature,'" recalled one of the climbers, Brad Perry. The climbers said they left messages at U.S. Forest Service offices. Agents later found the alleged digger, whom they declined to identify. The man acknowledged taking artifacts, including stone tools, said Rita Ayers-Vollmer, a Forest Service spokeswoman. The investigation is continuing and no charges have been filed, she said. Across the West, authorities are struggling to stop the looting of Indian antiquities. The thefts have continued despite a 2009 federal crackdown that resulted in more than 20 people being indicted in Utah. The case generated headlines due to a large number of charges, as well as the suicides of two defendants and a third man who reportedly was an informant in the case. Steep prices for artifacts and high rural unemployment have made digging for antiquities a popular pastime in places like eastern California, Nevada, and Utah, where deserts have preserved painted pots for thousands of years. Figures on artifact thefts are sketchy, said Todd Swain, a National Park Service investigator who specializes in looting cases. Most incidents never get reported. Federal agencies in the West often have only one or two criminal investigators to cover areas approaching a million square miles. In 2010, the last year for which data are available, the National Park Service tallied about 400 instances of artifact-looting in its parks nationwide, up from fewer than 300 in 2009, Mr. Swain said. The Forest Service in 2010 tallied about 50 incidents, down from about 150 the year before. Mr. Swain said the number of reported incidents can vary widely from year to year, and he estimated that as few as 20% of such thefts are reported. Martin McAllister, a Montana archaeologist who has been performing damage assessments of looting sites for state and federal agencies for over a decade, said he believes looting is up. His business is at an all-time high. "It's worse now than it ever was because the economy is depressed," he said. The looting troubles tribal members, who generally say that Indian artifacts should remain where they are. "This is our identity," said Darrel Cruz, cultural-resources director for the Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California. Mr. Cruz grew up a few miles from the Hope Valley site where the climbers found the man taking artifacts. In recent years, his tribe has encountered disturbed graves and stolen petroglyphs, he said. The Hope Valley site was the fourth looting instance Mr. Cruz has seen this year, up from two last year and the largest in his five years as cultural-resources director. Demand for Indian artifacts is strong, experts said. "The market is really incredible," said Terry Baxter, a California dealer who specializes in Western arrowheads, with some buyers paying $10,000 or more for rare ones, though most others sell for far less. Mr. Baxter and other dealers said they are careful not to sell artifacts from federal land and that they refuse questionable items. Mr. Baxter said he turned away a man earlier this year who was trying to sell an Indian skull. Missouri dealer Steve Lee said he declines one or two emailed offers a week to sell him Western arrowheads, out of concern they came from public land. Unlike Mr. Baxter, Mr. Lee said his business, which largely consists of artifacts from east of the Rockies, remains slow. But online outlets that specialize in artifacts make it easy to sell just about anything, creating an incentive to dig. Eric Keefer, an agent with the Bureau of Land Management near Bishop, Calif., said he receives about 10 looting reports a year. A couple of years ago, Mr. Keefer said, he helped investigate human remains that may have been dug up from a grave where other items were taken. One recent case from Mr. Keefer's area involved a man named Norman Starks. Mr. Starks, who is retired, said he likes to take walks around the desert in Lone Pine, Calif., and that he occasionally finds artifacts. "I've been collecting them since I was five or six years old," he said. Mr. Starks said he never digs for them. But in 2003, a federal agent found Mr. Starks digging around Indian graves, Mr. Keefer said. In 2005, the agent again found him digging, Mr. Keefer said. In 2009, Indians reported Mr. Starks was seen trying to unearth artifacts. Mr. Starks said the federal and tribal officials are "liars," a charge they deny. In 2010, a federal archaeologist said he found Mr. Starks digging near an Indian grave on land owned by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Mr. Keefer said. He was tried in California state court for disturbing artifacts. The jury couldn't reach a verdict, and Mr. Starks agreed in a settlement to stay off certain lands. Subscribe to WSJ: Credit: By Justin Scheck

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CRM 1301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: John Stuart Mill, Rationality

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