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PHLB20H3 Lecture Notes - Epicurus, Involuntary Euthanasia, Sue Rodriguez

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School
UTSC
Department
Philosophy
Course
PHLB20H3
Professor
Benj Hellie

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Document Summary

Lurking fallacies , about value of life. Three ways , that utilitariansim: critical vs intuitive rules rule or act utilitariasn. Choose the rule , and stick with them, in cases you think in this particular , not going with this rule may give you better result: maximizing vs preference. You trust what ppl say what they prefer: prior-existance vs total utility view. P: only interested in being that are now here! Total: include being that might be there , or will be there. Potentiality go to far, and hence reduction and absurdity -- > not convincing. The two premise and one conclusion saying : it"s wrong to kill human fetus: problem. If you think p2 is right, causethen you think. But being a member of a speices, doesn"t gurantee you not to be killed. Reject p2, if you equate human =person. This is due to p1 and p2 refere to differnet sense of human.

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Related Questions

You will be utiizing a basicoptic system.

The index of refraction of theplastic cylindrical lens depends on wavelength. Choose an anglewhich gives a good color separation and measure the index ofrefraction for blue and red light.

Question:How big is the difference in indices of refraction? How good is theapproximation that n is constant for thismaterial?

If this question doesnt make sense..then just answer ittheoretically speaking. That is how would we go about checkingwhether or not it conforms with the n as the constant for thematerial... Thanks!

Background info:

ThePhysics

The Law ofReflection

The law of reflection states that for a plane mirror, the angle ofincidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and that the tworays lie in a plane.

r

normal

. A light ray perpendicular to the surface has an angle ofincidence 0°.

The Law of Refraction –Snell’s Law

A ray of light passing from one substance (index ofrefraction

n1)into another (index of refraction n

2) across a plane boundary will be refracted. The angle the raymakes in one medium will be related to the angle in the secondmedium by the equation below, and that all rays lie in aplane.

(2)

Total InternalReflection

A ray incident on a medium with lower index of refraction willbe

totally internally reflected if sin θ1> n2/n1.There will be no transmitted beam for this incident angle. Ameasurement of the critical angle for total internalreflection can be used to determine the index of refraction of the substance.If n

2 = 1 (air), then the critical angle is:

sin θc = 1/

n

1. (3)

Polarization byReflection – Brewster’s Angle

If the angle between the reflected and refracted rays is 90°,then

tan θ

B = n2/n

1. (4)

At this angle, only light with polarization out of the plane ofreflection and refraction will be reflected. The reflected lightwill be completely polarized.

Figure3.

Refractionof Light Rays

Figure2.

Incidentand Reflected Rays

(1)

Always measure the angles with respect to the surface

a.) A hockey puck is observed to be sliding along a flatfrictionless surface at a speed of 4 cm/min. There is no net forceacting on the puck. Assuming it doesn't smash into anything, howfast will the puck be going 17 min later?
cm/min

b.) An object is accelerating. Which one of the followingstatements is true?
The object must be speeding up.
Gravity must be causing the object to accelerate.
The object must be changing directions.
The object must be slowing down.
There is a net force acting on the object.

c.) A 100 kg block weighs 220 lb on Earth. If the block weretransported to a planetary body that had a smaller free fallacceleration (as compared to Earth), which one of the followingwould be true?
The block would have the same weight and a smaller mass.
The block would have the same mass and a bigger weight.
The block would have the same mass and the same weight.
The block would have the same weight and a bigger mass.
The block would have the same mass and a smaller weight.
d.) What does it mean (in physics) to say that a quantity isconserved?
It means that the quantity is not being used.
It means the total amount is zero.
It means the total amount never changes.
It means it's being saved up.

e.) At a certain point in time, the total energy of a closed systemis observed to be 176 J. Which one of the following statements istrue?
Three hours later the energy of the system is 352 J.
Four hours later the energy of the system is 88 J.
All of the energy must be kinetic if the objects are moving.
Twelve hours later the energy of the system is 176 J.
Some of the energy must be potential.

g.) Which of the following statements are impossible? Choose allthat apply.
The parked truck had 8770 J of KE.
The scooter had 0 J of KE and 0 kg·m/s of momentum.
A ball moving in a circle had 0 N of net force acting on it.
A box had an acceleration of 0 m/s2 while a net force of 311 Nacted on it.
Jack exerted 18 N of force due east on a cart. As a direct result,the cart exerted 18 N of force due west upon Jack.
A toothpick exerts a smaller gravitational force upon the Moon thanthe Moon exerts upon it.

a.) Two balls make up a closed system. Ball A has 701 J of energyand ball B has 78 J. After they collide, ball A has 665 J. How muchenergy does ball B have after they collide?
J

b.) An asteroid and a comet collide head on. Prior to thecollision, the asteroid has a momentum of 700,000 kg·m/s up and thecomet has a momentum of 800,000 kg·m/s down. After the collisionthe asteroid has a momentum of 750,000 kg·m/s down. After thecollision, what is the comet's momentum?
kg·m/s
North
South
East
West
Up
Down
Left
Right
No direction because the comet has stopped

c.) How much does a 28 kg object weigh on Moon? Please feel free toreference the Solar System Data table located at the beginning ofUnit II.
______N

d.) A 660 N net force acts on a 42 kg object. Determine theobject's acceleration.
_____m/s2

e.) Calculate the gravitational force between a 657 kg object(resting on Earth) and the Moon. The mass of the Moon is 7.347×1022kg and the distance between the object & the Moon is 3.844×108m.
____N


Theory: Topics that you should be familiar with are: significantfigures, least count and estimated fraction, systematic and randomerrors, accuracy versus precision, percent difference and percenterror. These topics should have been covered in class already (orperhaps in an introduction to the lab manual or in a handout). Itis assumed that the instructor has discussed how to use the massbalance, etc.
Introduction: The goal of section I of this experiment is tomeasure (to the correct least count and estimated fraction) andcalculate (to the correct number of significant figures) thedensity of a metal ball and compare it to a table of accepteddensities (?=7.8x103 kg/m3).
To accomplish this goal keep in mind that: ? = m/V and Vsphere =(4/3) p r3
In the space below create a data table, show your calculations indetail, and compare your measured answer to accepted values givenabove. (Would you calculate a percent error or a percentdifference?)
1
II. Is g (the acceleration due to gravity) a constant? If so, whatis it?
1) SetuptheFree-FallApparatusasdemonstratedbytheinstructor.
2)MeasurethetimeittakesforthemetalballtofallthroughthesuggesteddisplacementsshowninDataTable 1. Be sure to do 4 trials for each fall and take the averageof your time and displacement. For each trial measure thedisplacement and record your results as precisely as possible. Becareful how you measure the displacement!
Data Table 1
Displacement (meters) Time
Trial 1
___.40___ m .281 s
______.40_ m .284 s
___.40____ m .283 s
____.40___ m .285 s
Average Displacement =.40 m Average time .0285 s
Trial 2
____.60___ m .357 s
____.60___ m .358 s
_____.60__ m .347 s
____.60___ m .347 s
Time (seconds)
Average Displacement = .60 Average Time = .352
Trial3
_.80____ m .402 s
_.80____ m .401 s
_.80______ m .402 S
_.80___ m .401 s
Average Displacement = .80 m Average Time =.401 s

Trial4
__ 1.00____ m .454 s
___1.00____ m .453 s
___1.00____ m .463 s
___1.00____ m .453 s
Average Displacement = 1.00 m Average Time =.455 s
3)PlotDisplacement(usetheaveragedisplacement)asafunctionofTime(usetheaveragetime)usingacomputer software that you know the best. (Does Displacement orTime go on the “vertical” (or y) axis? Make sure that you label theaxes of your graph properly and give the graph a descriptivetitle.), Please include (0,0) point.
4)UsetheCurveFitFunctiontotrytofindthecurvethatistheclosestfitforthegraph.Whichofthefollowing curve types gives the best fit? Try each to findout.
a) linear fit? b) quadratic (power 2)? c) exponential? d) Power?
The curve with the correlation coefficient (R) closest to 1 has theclosest fit. (e.g. 0.997 is better than 0.956)
5)Printthecurvewiththeclosestfit(oneforeachmemberofthelabgroup).Besureyourgraphincludesthe equation for your fit.
6)Canyoudeterminetheexperimentalaccelerationofgravityfromthisgraph?Explainhowandshowyourwork.
7)Ifalinearfunctionisnotthebestfitofyourplotfromstep3),howwouldyouplotdisplacementandtimeso that the resulting plot is linear? Explain. (Ask your instructorfor a hint if you are not sure of what to do, but be sure to thinkabout it for a while before you ask.)
3
8)Printacopyofthegraphforeachlabpartnershowingalinearfittoyourdataandproperlylabeledaxes.
9)Canyoudeterminetheexperimentalaccelerationduetogravityfromthisgraph?Explainandshowyourwork.
10) How do your experimental values of “g” compare with theaccepted value (g = 9.80 m/s2) for the acceleration of gravity?Give a mathematical comparison using what you learned aboutmeasurements previously. (Show work)
4
Question and further procedures
1. What is the greatest source of error in performing theexperiment? Is this error random or systematic? Explain.
2. At this point you should have calculated g in two different ways(A quadratic graph, and a linear graph). Which technique do youthink is best? Do all two techniques give the same answer? If not,which technique do you think has the most error?
3. How might you modify your procedures to determine whether or notg depends on the mass of the falling object? Do the experiment andcalculate g using your favorite technique.