CHM136H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Benzene, Aldehyde, Organic Chemistry
34
CHM136H1 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
34 documents
Document Summary
In covalent bonds, electrons are not always shared equally. Electronegativity of an atom: the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons toward itself. bond dipole. In organic molecules, atoms with high electronegativities are said to be electron withdrawing. Describes the separation of charge in a molecule. Dipole moment of the molecule is the vector sum of all of the bond dipoles. Sum of all formal charges must equal the charge on the molecule. The bonding described by the combination of resonance forms is more stable than the bonding described by any individual resonance form. The real structure is a mixture of these two resonance forms. In drawing resonance forms, the arrangement of the electrons changes but the nuclei do not move. Resonance forms differ only in the placement of the -electrons and the non-bonding electrons (lone pairs). Individual resonance forms do not have to be equivalent. equivalent resonance forms.
