HIS103Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Holy Alliance, July Monarchy, Constitutionalism
Accompanied by nationalism
▪
Essential rights to protect citizens
▪
Liberal ideas
▪
States were made up of people
□
Will of these people that governed how the state
worked at home and abroad
□
Relationship of individuals to the state
▪
Ideas bubble to surface in series of revolutions
▪
Understanding how and why the Great Powers regulated
these revolutions
▪
Power of nationalism grows stronger, reshapes states of
Europe
▪
rise of Constitutionalism (15 years after Napoleon's fall)
○
First revolution transformed Europe, led to quarter century
of war --> will this happen again?
▪
Cause Holy Alliance (Austria, Russia, and Prussia
(and Great Britain)) band together again more
tightly
Does not want to challenge / intervene in France
Only want to defend East from the spread of
revolution
Recognize new French government, hope to go on
as if nothing changed
Sense of unity
□
Effects on Europe
▪
French soon insist they are committed to upholding peace
of 1815
▪
Bourbon King is replaced by King descended from Bourbon
line, but distinguish by calling themselves Orleans
Monarchy
▪
Concerns are domestic - changing France and NOT
revisiting peace of 1815
▪
Austrians and British are happy about this
□
Any hopes for French / Russian Alliance are completely
gone - Tsar does not want to ally
▪
France Revolution
○
Tories lose power
▪
Whigs come into power with promises of Electoral
Reformation (change system of voting)
▪
Maybe Europeans elsewhere will demand right to vote
Metternich: change seen as a revolution, shows
Constitutionalism, and Liberalism on the rise
▪
Election in Britain
○
1830
Revolutions
January 16, 2017
7:35 PM
LECTURE Page 74
Maybe Europeans elsewhere will demand right to vote
as granted to British
□
Earl Grey is PM
▪
Palmerstone - foreign secretary
▪
Split between Eastern powers and Western liberal
alliance
□
'the three and the two think differently and therefore
act differently.'
□
Division in Europe is aided by British fear of Russia
□
'dual containment' : Britain, by working with
France, could both balance Russia and contain
France
Palmerstone fears France, concerned for France's
future, thinks it will be best contained through
cooperation and not antagonization
□
Politicians in both countries speak of common interest,
working together for liberal alliance
▪
Belgians aren't happy --> revolt
□
1815: Belgium added to Netherlands, had been part of
Austria - created Northern box around France
▪
If British and Prussians intervene, maybe the French
will also intervene and never leave (they want
territory)
□
British suggest bringing it to meeting of Concert and
negotiate settlement to avoid war - best guarantee of
peace, manage revolution without uncertainty / war of
intervention
□
Ask Prussians to help, Prussians will not help without
British, British say no
▪
Flexibility of Great Powers
□
Willingness to meet as a group and decide
□
Didn't want to legitimize revolutions, but saw that it
would take away weight to legitimize
□
Holy Alliance : purely reactionary? - Belgium shows
they can consider issues
□
5 powers get together and decide that Belgium will be an
independent state - legitimize the revolution
▪
Britain's dominance in Anglo-French Alliance
▪
Importance of marking state as being vital - Britain has
marked state, willing to go to war over the territory
▪
Belgium Revolution
○
Austrian responsible for lands - gained parts after 1815
▪
Revolution breaks out in 1830
▪
France tries to present self as diplomatic supporter of
revolutionaries
▪
Revolutions were in Papal States (Parma and Modena)
▪
Metternich concerned - sent more states into Italy, entered
Papal States
▪
France sends navy to port of Papal states
Italy
○
LECTURE Page 75
Document Summary
1830 rise of constitutionalism (15 years after napoleon"s fall) Will of these people that governed how the state worked at home and abroad. Ideas bubble to surface in series of revolutions. Understanding how and why the great powers regulated these revolutions. Power of nationalism grows stronger, reshapes states of. Cause holy alliance (austria, russia, and prussia (and great britain)) band together again more tightly. Does not want to challenge / intervene in france. Only want to defend east from the spread of revolution. Recognize new french government, hope to go on as if nothing changed. French soon insist they are committed to upholding peace of 1815. Bourbon king is replaced by king descended from bourbon line, but distinguish by calling themselves orleans. Concerns are domestic - changing france and not revisiting peace of 1815. Any hopes for french / russian alliance are completely gone - tsar does not want to ally. Whigs come into power with promises of electoral.
