PHL232H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Necessity And Sufficiency, If And Only If, Foundationalism
Wednesday, October 12, 2016
1
Tutorial 4 Notes
General
- If p then q.
- Sufficient condition: if p then q provides a sufficient condition for q. namely, p.
- Necessary condition: provides a necessary condition for p. namely, q.
• e.g. if you are a child then you are a human. Being a human is a necessary
condition on being a child.
Closure Principle (Nozick)
- Knowledge is closed under known entailment.
• as a consequence of Nozick’s view, consequence is not valid.
Reliablism (Goldman)
- Goldman: A belief is justified if and only if it is produced by a reliable belief-forming
mechanism or process or method.
• A belief being justified is a sufficient condition for justification.
- p iff q = p if q ^ p only if q = if q then p ^ if p then q.
- p <—> q
• Different forms of reliablism rely on either mechanism or method or process.
- What is reliability as defined by Goldman?
• Some high likelihood of something being correct. It is linked with probability of truth.
- Perception: Most of the time, my eyes are telling met hat the world is a certain way
and it is in fact that way. Sometimes there are optical illusions or other factors that
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Document Summary
Sufficient condition: if p then q provides a sufficient condition for q. namely, p. Necessary condition: provides a necessary condition for p. namely, q: e. g. if you are a child then you are a human. Being a human is a necessary condition on being a child. Knowledge is closed under known entailment: as a consequence of nozick"s view, consequence is not valid. Goldman: a belief is justified if and only if it is produced by a reliable belief-forming mechanism or process or method: a belief being justified is a sufficient condition for justification. P iff q = p if q ^ p only if q = if q then p ^ if p then q. P < > q: different forms of reliablism rely on either mechanism or method or process. What is reliability as defined by goldman: some high likelihood of something being correct.
