SOC101Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Mortality Rate, Demographic Transition, Urban Sociology
The world's population of 7.4 billion in 2016 increases by
80 million each year - estimate, not reliable information
for every country around world
▪
By 2050, there will be over 9 billion people
▪
Slow population growth in Canada, yet world-wide a significant
increase:
○
Virtually all of this growth will come in the lower-income
nations
○
The population in many high-income nations will likely decrease
over this period -already been seen
○
The subfield of sociology that examines population size,
composition, and distribution
○
How are people spread out?
○
Demography is important because the nature of population affects
all aspects of social life
○
Increases or decreases in population have a powerful impact on
the social, economic, and political structures of societies
○
Demography : The Study of Population
Demographers define population as a group of people who live in
a specified geographic area
○
Fertility (births)
▪
Mortality (deaths)
▪
Migration (movement form one place to another)
▪
Changes in population occur as a result of three processes
○
Large families were common given the economic value of
children and high infant / childhood mortality rates
□
Human life span was much shorter than today
□
For much of human history, population growth was fairly
stable given societies experienced consistently high birth
rates and death rates
▪
Beginning in the 18th century, demographic patterns began
to change dramatically with breakthroughs in hygiene,
public health, nutrition, and medical knowledge
▪
Crucial factor in reduction was the offloading of
family responsibilities to the state
□
While death rates plunged, birth rates initially remained
high, but eventually fell with increasing
industrialization, modernization, and urbanization (pre v.
post)
▪
From the 1960s onward, wealthier nations were faced
with fertility rates below the replacement level (when
births and deaths balance and the population remains
stable)
□
Changes from high to low birth and death rates is known as
the demographic transition
▪
Demographic Transition
○
Crude death rate : number of deaths per 1000 people in a
population
▪
Incidence of death in a population
▪
In many low and middle income nations, mortality rates
are 2-3 times higher than in high-income nations
□
Morality rates have declined dramatically in most countries
in the past 200 years
▪
Mortality
○
Population
Urban Sociology
Lecture 2.5: Population and Urbanization
February 15, 2017
12:00 PM
LECTURE Page 61
Document Summary
Slow population growth in canada, yet world-wide a significant increase: The world"s population of 7. 4 billion in 2016 increases by. 80 million each year - estimate, not reliable information for every country around world. By 2050, there will be over 9 billion people. Virtually all of this growth will come in the lower-income nations. The population in many high-income nations will likely decrease over this period - already been seen. The subfield of sociology that examines population size, composition, and distribution. Demography is important because the nature of population affects all aspects of social life. Increases or decreases in population have a powerful impact on the social, economic, and political structures of societies. Demographers define population as a group of people who live in a specified geographic area. Changes in population occur as a result of three processes. For much of human history, population growth was fairly stable given societies experienced consistently high birth rates and death rates.
