Biochemistry 2280A Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Alpha Helix, Ribosomal Rna, Repressor

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silverwolf688

30 Jan 2018

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Unit 4: regulation of gene expression lesson 17 and 18: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Different cell types express different genes: expression of certain genes are high in one place vs. low in another place, when they both contain the gene, tissue specific expression. Significance of gene expression: most diseases are due to altered expression of one or more genes, by therapeutically manipulating gene expression, we have the potential to prevent or reverse disease. Transcription: most important step of gene expression, first step, save energy by regulating this, most frequently regulated step. Prokaryotic transcription: gene and promoter structure, promoter dna sequence required to initiate transcription of a gene or operon. Found by comparing bacterial promoters, common elements important. Take a bunch of promoters, align sequences, look for commonalities. Can test if the sequences are important for gene expression by making mutations. If there is a difference in transcription, they are important.

Related Questions

1. What reaction is catalyzed by reverse transcriptase and used in the laboratory to generate cDNA?

a. transcription of RNA to DNA

b. transcription of DNA to RNA

c. conversion of ribonucleotides into deoxyribonucleotides

d. translation of RNA to DNA

e. conversion of a ribonucleotide to a DNA double helix

2. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine the amount of mRNA arising from a particular gene.

a. transcriptional-level controls

b. RNA processing-level controls

c. translational-level controls

d. replication-level controls

e. b and c

3. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine how a primary transcript is converted to mature mRNA

a. transcriptional-level controls

b. RNA processing-level controls

c. translational-level controls

d. replication-level controls

e. a and d

4. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine when a particular mRNA is actually used in protein synthesis.

a. transcriptional-level controls

b. RNA processing-level controls

c. translational-level controls

d. replication-level controls

e. None of the above because protein synthesis takes place immediately

5. Under what circumstances do cells selectively activate and suppress their genes?

a. at different stages of embryonic development

b. in different tissues

c. exposure to different types of stimuli

d. No such circumstances exist in natureâcells express all their genes throughout life.

e. a, b and c

6. Which statement about the control of gene expression is FALSE?

a. A single gene may be controlled by different transcription factors.

b. A single transcription factor may be necessary for the expression of different genes.

c. Each cell type has a characteristic pattern of gene transcription, which is determined by the particular complement of transcription factors contained in that cell.

d. Expression of protein genes is primarily controlled in nucleoli

e. Control of gene transcription is complex and influenced by various circumstances.

7. What is thought to maintain X chromosome inactivation in females?

a. DNA acetylation

b. DNA methylation

c. RNA inactivation

d. Histone methylation

e. None of the above because both X chromosomes are active in females and males.

crimsonplatypus494

2. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine the amount of mRNA arising from a particular gene.

a. transcriptional-level controls

b. RNA processing-level controls

c. translational-level controls

d. replication-level controls

e. b and c

3. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine how a primary transcript is converted to mature mRNA

a. transcriptional-level controls

b. RNA processing-level controls

c. translational-level controls

d. replication-level controls

e. a and d

4. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine when a particular mRNA is actually used in protein synthesis.

a. transcriptional-level controls

b. RNA processing-level controls

c. translational-level controls

d. replication-level controls

e. None of the above because protein synthesis takes place immediately

5. Under what circumstances do cells selectively activate and suppress their genes?

a. at different stages of embryonic development

b. in different tissues

c. exposure to different types of stimuli

d. No such circumstances exist in natureâcells express all their genes throughout life.

e. a, b and c

6. Which statement about the control of gene expression is FALSE?

a. A single gene may be controlled by different transcription factors.

b. A single transcription factor may be necessary for the expression of different genes.

c. Each cell type has a characteristic pattern of gene transcription, which is determined by the particular complement of transcription factors contained in that cell. d. Expression of protein genes is primarily controlled in nucleoli

e. Control of gene transcription is complex and influenced by various circumstances.

7. What is thought to maintain X chromosome inactivation in females?

a. DNA acetylation

b. DNA methylation

c. RNA inactivation

d. Histone methylation

e. None of the above because both X chromosomes are active in females and males.

periwinklehorse209

1. Which cellular processes occur as a consequence of differential control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells?

a) Cell Differentiation

b) Differential Translation

c) Differential Polymerization

d) Differential DNA Replication

e) Differential tRNA Degradation

2) Multicellular organisms are comprised of a variety of cells with different morphologies and different functions. Which is the underlying mechanism that leads to the generation of diverse cell in one organism?

a) The expression of all genes in all cell types.

b) The duplication of the genome in certain cell types.

c) The elimination of specific group of genes from different cell types.

d) The differential expression of particular sets of genes required for a particular cellular phenotype

e) All of the above

3) Which of these statements defines paracrine cell signaling?

a)		A messenger molecule released into the blood stream to bind to a receptor on a cell far away from the release site.
b)		A messenger molecule released by a cell into the extracellular space that binds to receptors on the surface of the same cell.
c)		A messenger molecules released by a cell into the extracellular space that travels short distances to bind to a receptor in a nearby cell.
d)		A messenger molecule release by a tissue into the lumen of an organ that diffuse to bind to receptors far away from the release site.
e)		All of the above.

4) Which effect has the binding of the ligand to a G-protein coupled receptor on intracellular G-protein?

a)		ATP is hydrolyzed, activating phosphorylation
b)		GTP is exchanged for GDP on the G protein, inactivating the G protein
c)		GDP is exchanged for GTP on the G protein, activating the G protein
d)		GMP is released from the G-protein, inactivating the receptor
e)		None of the above

coffeehippopotamus191

Biochemistry 2280A Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Alpha Helix, Ribosomal Rna, Repressor

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