Biochemistry 2288A Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Acetyl-Coa

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17 Jun 2016

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Figure 13 14 glycolysis and the citric acid cycle provide the precursors needed for cells to synthesize many important organic molecules. The amino acids, nucleotides, lipids, sugars, and other molecules shown here as products in turn serve as the precursors for many of the cell"s macromolecules. Each black arrow in this diagram denotes a single enzyme- catalyzed reaction; the red arrows generally represent pathways with many steps that are required to produce the indicated products. Figure 9. 19 the catabolism of various molecules from. This enzyme produces glucose 1-phosphate, which is converted into the glucose 6-phosphate that feeds into the glycolytic pathway: glycogen synthetic and degradative pathways are coordinate by feedback regulation. 3-phosphoglycerate alanine phosphoenolpyruvate pyruvate aspartate other amino acids purines pyrimidines oxaloacetate citrate. Ketoglutarate heme chlorophyll succinyl coa glutamate other amino acids purines. Topic 12: lipid metabolism: 430, 433, 442-443. Figure 13 25 plant cells store both starch and fats in their chloroplasts.

Related Questions

5. Almost all of the oxygen (O2) one consumes in breathing is converted to: a. acetyl-CoA. b. carbon dioxide (CO2). c. carbon monoxide and then to carbon dioxide. d. none of the above. e. water.

6. A new compound isolated from mitochondria is claimed to represent a previously unrecognized carrier in the electron transfer chain. It is given the name coenzyme Z. Which line of evidence do you feel is the least conclusive in assigning this compound a position in the electron transfer chain? a. Alternate oxidation and reduction of the mitochondrion-bound coenzyme Z can be readily demonstrated. b. Removal of coenzyme Z from the mitochondria results in a decreased rate of oxygen consumption. c. The rate of oxidation and reduction of mitochondrion-bound coenzyme is of the same order of magnitude as the overall rate of electron transfer in mitochondria as measured by oxygen consumption. d. The reduction potential of Z is between that of two compounds known to participate in the electron transport chain e. When added to a mitochondrial suspension, coenzyme Z is taken up very rapidly and specifically by the mitochondria.

7. Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle? a. All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. b. In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate. c. Oxaloacetate is used as a substrate but is not consumed in the cycle. d. Succinate dehydrogenase channels electrons directly into the electron transfer chain. e. The condensing enzyme is subject to allosteric regulation by ATP and NADH.

8. Conversion of 1 mol of acetyl-CoA to 2 mol of CO2 and CoA via the citric acid cycle results in the net production of: a. 1 mol of citrate. b. 1 mol of FADH2. c. 1 mol of NADH. d. 1 mol of oxaloacetate. e. 7 mol of ATP.

_____What is added to a molecule such as ADP when it is phosphorylated?

_____ An anaerobic process in which pyruvate is converted to lactate

_____ A biochemical process that breaks down food molecules to produce other molecules for cellular maintenance.

_____What is the final end product of Glycolysis?

_____ Refers to the potential energy provided by a large hydrogen-cation concentration gradient, and itâs movement across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis.

_____ A molecule that transfers or shuttles electrons during redox reactions.

_____ An organism that can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen.

_____ A type of enzyme that teams with NAD⁺ to remove hydrogen atoms with their electrons.

_____ The loss of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A process in which ATP is produced using the energy stored in concentration gradients.

_____ The products produced during a biochemical reaction that fall between the starting molecule and the end product.

_____ Biochemical process in which a glucose molecule is degraded to two pyruvates.

_____ Short for âreduction/oxidationâ reactions

_____How many pyruvate molecules are produced from a single Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?

_____ The formation of ATP occurring when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP.

_____ Organisms that will die in the presence of oxygen.

_____ A term referring to the presence of oxygen.

_____ A series of electron-carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.

_____ A biochemical process in which pyruvate is produced without the presence of oxygen.

20._____ The metabolic cycle that is fueled by Acetyl CoEnzyme A; occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and supplies most of the NADH molecules that carry energy to the electron transport chain.

_____What is the chemical formula for Cellular Respiration?

_____What environmental condition is necessary for Anaerobic Respiration to occur?

_____Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur in the mitochondria?

_____Where does Glycolysis occur in a cell?

_____ An anaerobic process in which CO₂ is released as a byproduct and ethanol is produced as a product.

_____Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the mitochondria?

_____ The gain of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A high-energy fuel molecule that begins the Citric Acid Cycle.

_____What condition is necessary of Aerobic Respiration to occur?

_____ A term referring to the absence of oxygen.

_____What compound is derived from B vitamins, and helps the Acetyl portion of Acetyl CoA into the Krebs Cycle?

_____What is the name of the molecule that channels protons, providing the energy necessary to phosphorylate ADP to ATP?

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP^âs that can be synthesized from 3 NADH molecules.

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP^âs that can be synthesized from a single FADH₂ molecule.

_____What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

_____What molecule is regenerated during the process of the Krebs Cycle?

_____What enzyme is used to catalyzed the reaction that occurs during the formation of Acetyl CoA?

_____How many pyruvates are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____How many Acetyl CoA molecules are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____What is the reduced form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide?

_____What is the oxidized form of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide?

42._____ A membrane protein that is used in conjunction with chemiosmosis to produced ATP.

I know that this alot of questions, but it's kinda a last ditch effort. these are the last 42 definitions i have left to answer out of 500 question for my final exam study guide. so whatever help i can get is fine. No explanations needed just what each definition is explaining and thanks in advance ladies and gentlemen.

scarletlocust623

Biochemistry 2288A Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Acetyl-Coa

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