Biology 2581B Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Chromosome, Transfer Rna, Ribosomal Rna
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Discrete region of a chromosome encoding a protein/rna. Example: look at the cox1 gene (in humans) Remember: the human nuclear genome is about 3 billion bp, human mitochondrial genome is about 16kb. Rna polymerase transcribes the double-stranded dna into single-stranded mrna. The mrna gets translated into a protein that is 513 amino acids long. This gives us the protein called cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. If the mrna = 900nt, we would get 299 amino acids: not 300 because the stop codon doesn"t code an amino acid!! (tricky) This protein is involved in etc, found in the cu a centre (binuclear copper centre) Cox1 is a part of a polycistronic rna transcript. When you express cox1, it shows up in a long rna transcript that then gets processed: essentially gets cleaved into individual mrnas, some of which give you a protein (e. g. cox1), others give you trnas or rrnas. Not everything on the transcript encodes a protein!