Biology 1001A Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Gametophyte, Microtubule, Prometaphase

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amethystfly793

25 Aug 2016

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Sexual reproduction depends on meiosis: a process of cell division that recombines dna sequences and produces cells with half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells. Fertilization: fusion of nuclei of egg and sperm to produce a zygote: chromosome number is restored in zygotes. Meiosis and fertilization mix genetic information into new combinations no offspring will be identical to parents or siblings. 9. 3a meiosis occurs in different places in different organismal life cycles. The timing of mitosis, meiosis and fertilization among different species varies. The diploid phase dominates the life cycle, the haploid phase is reduced and meiosis is followed by gamete formation. In male animals, each 4 nuclei produced by meiosis is enclosed in a separate cell and each of the. In female animals, only 1 of the 4 nuclei becomes functional as an egg cell. Animals are haploid only as sperm or eggs because fertilization restores the cell to 2n.

Related Questions

explain why a life cycle that includes meiosis must also include fertilization and what is the advantage of such a life cycle?
Describe some examples of how prokaryotes are helpful to humans and some examples of how they are harmful to humans?
in human life cycle, fertilization(sex) and reproduction are closely associated, yet they are very different processes. in what way are fertilization and reproduction opposite?
Describe how sperm and egg cells are different from somatic cells in number of chromosomes( in humans) the cell division process they undergo and process that generates them and the process they undergo to generate a zygote.

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Recap/Brush up: What is the difference between Mitosis andMeiosis? For simplicity, assume that the division of nuclei isfollowed by cell division (M-phase contain cytokinesis).

Note: if this is for a prep, then drawing a roster or gridmatrix may be helpful for answering and learning.

In Mitosis, the number of chromosomes(remains unchanged, isdivided in half, is duplicated); in Meiosis it is (remainsunchanged, is divided in half, is duplicated)

Cells resulting from Mitosis have (twice the, the same, halfthe) number of gene sets of the predecessor cell; cells resultingfrom Meiosis have (twice the, the same, half the) number of genesets of the predecessor cell.

Cells resulting from Mitosis (twice the, the same, half the)number of Loci of the predecessor cell; cells resulting fromMeiosis have (twice the, the same, half the) number ofLoci of thepredecessor cell.

If the the predecessor cell is diploid, then cells resultingfrom Mitosis (are haploid, are triploid, are diploid, cannotoccur); cells resulting from Meiosis (are haploid, are triploid,are diploid, cannot occur).

If the the predecessor cell is haploid, then cells resultingfrom Mitosis (are haploid, are triploid, are diploid, cannotoccur); cells resulting from Meiosis (are haploid, are triploid,are diploid, cannot occur).

If the the predecessor cell is triploid, then cells resultingfrom Mitosis (are haploid, are triploid, are diploid, cannotoccur); cells resulting from Meiosis (are haploid, are triploid,are diploid, cannot occur).

Mitosis consists of (one, several, two, three)cycles of phases,resulting in(two,one,several,four) cells; Meiosis consists of (one,several, two, three) cycles of phases resulting in(two,one,several,four) cells.

Different from Mitosis, Meiosis(isolates,recombines, justduplicates) each allele. In fertilization, allelesare(recombined,isolated).

periwinklesea-lion695

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 1 options:

	gamete
	somatic cells
	zygote
	sexual reproduction

1.	Reproductive life cycle that involves an alternation between haploid and diploid cells
2.	A single cell with a diploid number of chromosomes resulting from the fusion of an egg and a sperm.
3.	Cells (egg or sperm) resulting from a meiotic division of germ-line cells
4.	The non-reproductive cells found in embryos and mature individuals

Question 2 (5 points)

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 2 options:

	syngamy
	haploid
	meiosis
	diploid
	germ-line cells

1.	The cells that will eventually undergo meiosis to produce gametes.
2.	The number of chromosomes found in gametes (eggs or sperm).
3.	The process by which two haploid gametes fuse to form a new diploid cell.
4.	A specialized reduction division that produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.
5.	Two sets of chromosomes present in the somatic cells of adult individuals.

Biology 1001A Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Gametophyte, Microtubule, Prometaphase

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