Biology 2601A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Vascular Plant, Trachea, Sea Anemone

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carolinesnotes

27 Oct 2017

School

Western University

Department

Biology

Course

Biology 2601A/B

Professor

Christopher Guglielmo

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Document Summary

02 transport to the mitochondria adaptation to elevation. There is a high gradient at sea level between. There is a much lower gradient at a higher altitude ( ex . a mountain top ) between. 02 and the mitochondria lower capacity to exercise at these attitudes. G as exchange can only happen through diffusion however convection can help the process. I here must always be a partial pressure gradient ( ap ) across the gas exchange membrane in order for diffusion to occur and for. Environmental medium ( air or water internal body fluids and tissues. Can also breathe air in water through gills. Ex . molluscs external) or fish ( internal. ~ 27% mammals have high metabolic rates but aren"t great at getting. 02 from the air they don"t need to since the air has a relatively high. ~ 5590 fish are twice as efficient water has a relatively low.

Related Questions

1. 2,3-biphosphoglycerate (BPG) regulates high altitude adaptation. The BPG concentration increases from 5 mM at sea level to 8 mM at an altitude of 4500 m in human blood. Please explain how our blood manages to transport enough oxygen at high altitude. If the BPG concentration does not change, how much less oxygen can the blood transport at 4500 m compared to at sea level? (Answer these questions according to the binding curve of hemoglobin for O2 at different BPG concentration). A mutation of hemoglobin reduces the binding affinity of BPG, how will this mutation affect oxygen binding and the oxygen binding curve?

ivorychinchilla895

According to the chemiosmotic theory, an electrochemical proton gradient is used to synthesize ATP in mitochondria. The enzyme that does this is located on the inside of the mitochondrial membrane. The oxidation of carbohydrates and fats is used to pump protons outside the mitochondrial membrane until the steady-state membrane potential is -140 mV and the pH gradient âpH = 1.5. Inside the mitochondrion, pH = 7.0, [ATP] = 1 mM, [Pi] = 2.5 mM, [ADP] = 1 mM, and T = 298 K.

a) Howw much chemical potential is required to synthesize ATP inside mitochondria? Hint: here the question refers to the chemical potential difference between products and reactants = âG of the reaction ADP + Pi -> ATP.

b) How much free energy is made available by moving 1 mol of protons from the outside to the inside? Is this enough to drive ATP synthesis?

c) How many protons must be translocated per ATP synthesized?

violetyellowjacket662

The free energy of ATP synthesis from ATP synthase under cellular conditions is +45 kJ/mol.

a. Where does the energy come from?

b. If the pH of the matrix is 7.84, the intermembrane space is 7.16 and the membrane potential is +/- 0.15 V at 37 C, how much energy can be produced from this gradient per mol of protons?

c. How many moles of protons moving across this gradient would be required to produce enough energy for one mole of ATP to be synthesized?

d. To generate a proton gradient the mitochondria use the energy of electron transport. How much energy is produced in the oxidation of NADH by oxygen (under standard biochemical conditions)?

e. Using the answer from b, how many moles of protons could be transported out of the matrix with this oxygen energy (d)?

f. How many moles of protons are actually transported in the oxidation of NADH theough the ETC?

bronzegoat54

Biology 2601A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Vascular Plant, Trachea, Sea Anemone

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