Foods and Nutrition 1030E Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Trans Fat, Monounsaturated Fat, Saturated Fat

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redshark789

14 Apr 2016

School

Western University

Department

Foods and Nutrition

Course

Foods and Nutrition 1030E

Professor

Lisa Cianfrini

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Document Summary

Lipids: diverse class of molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. There are three types of lipids: triglycerides (fats and oils - 95% of lipids in food), phospholipids (lecthin), sterols (cholesterol, plant sterols) Fats vs oils: are solid at room temperature whereas oils are liquid at room temperature. Triglycerides: molecule consisting of three fatty acids attached to a three carbon glycerol background. Fatty acids: long chains of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms. Glycerol: an alcohol composed for three carbon atoms, it is the backbone of of a triglyceride molecule. Are classi ed by their length, saturation, and shape. Short chains: 6 or less, medium chains: 7-12 long chains: 14+ Saturation refers to how many hydrogen atoms surround each carbon, effects how stuff gets in and out of the cells and effects the uidity of the membrane. *we will never consume a 13 chain fatty acid.

Related Questions

64. Which of these statements about fatty acids are false? A. The physical state of a triglyceride with three unsaturated fatty acid tails would be a clear liquid. B. Complex lipids that contain mainly unsaturated fatty acids are liquids (oils) at room temperature C. Its best to use fats with high melting points in our diet. D. A disadvantage of the ability of saturated fats to pack tightly is that tightly packed, saturated fats clog arteries as atherosclerosis 65. Trans fatty acids A. are formed when vegetable oil is hydrogenated (for solidification). B. are found in fried foods C. have an atypical shape that affects their chemical activity D. are not flexible and can adhere to surfaces E. should be avoided because they are composed of partially hydrogenated (partially hardened) oils F. are all of the above 66 Which of these statements about fatty acids are false? A. When plants and animals build fatty acids they make the trans forms. B. Food manufacturers found that foods like chips with the trans form have a longer "shelf life" C Natural cis fatty acids tend to turn rancid and spoil D Although natural cis fatty acids turn rancid and spoil, it is the cis form that is used by the body. E.The process of hydrogenation, in which hydrogens are added to unsaturated fats, produces a mixture of saturated fatty acids and standard and trans forms of unsaturated fatty acids 67. Good tips for reducing dietary fats are to A. use non-fat or low-fat dairy products and other products B use low-fat cooking methods C bake, roast, steam, broil, stir fry, microwave D. seldom have fried foods E choose lean cuts of meat, trim fat F. do all the above 68. Which of these statements about the properties of fatty acids are true? A. Melting point of all fatty acids increases with increasing hydrocarbon chain length (i.e increasing size) B cis double bonds prevent good alignment of molecules in unsaturated fatty acids leading to C Melting point of unsaturated fatty acid are lower than that of a saturated fatty acid with the D. The melting point of a saturated fatty acid is greater than that of an unsaturated fatty acid of poor packing same number of carbon atoms due to the presence of their double bonds the same chain length, because saturated fatty acid chains tend to be fully extended and to stack in a regular structure, thereby causing increased intermolecular attraction. E. all of the above 69. Freebie 70 Freebie

Jim, the research assistant, has taken a job in Tasmania. He is working with a group of scientists who are monitoring a colony of Short-tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus tenuirostris) in the north west wilderness. These birds are also called âmutton birdsâ. These birds nest in 1m long burrows set in the sand dunes.The team is interested in the biological organisms impacting the birds and their environment.

The team initially spent some time studying the birds themselves. The birds produce a lot of oil which has some commercial value. Jim studied the composition of the oil. There was considerable amounts of a lipid that was found to be glycerol molecules attached to three long chain fatty acids and were therefore identified as __________ The purified oil was solid at room temperature (~20^oC) and therefore it was not surprising that the fatty acids chains were highly _________________. The oil also contained other lipids e.g. ___________

Fill in the blanks with following options

-Polysaccharides
-Triglycerides
-carbohydrates
-glucose
-glycine
-cholesterol
-cellulose
-unsaturated
-saturated

Thanks

Question 1 (2.5 points) Question 1 Saved Liquid vegetable oils can be converted to solid fats such as margarine by Question 1 options: 1) hydrogenation. 2) hydrolysis. 3) hydration. 4) oxidation. 5) saponification. Save Question 2 (2.5 points) Question 2 Saved A triacylglycerol that is solid at room temperature is called a(n) Question 2 options: 1) terpene. 2) lecithin. 3) oil. 4) wax. 5) fat. Save Question 3 (2.5 points) Question 3 Saved Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated fatty acids because Question 3 options: 1) they have fewer hydrogen atoms. 2) they have more hydrogen atoms. 3) their molecules fit closely together. 4) the cis double bonds produce a shape that reduces contact between molecules. Save Question 4 (2.5 points) Question 4 Unsaved Cholesterol is a member of the ________ group of lipids. Question 4 options: 1) glycerophospholipid 2) steroid 3) prostaglandin 4) triacylglycerol 5) wax Save Question 5 (2.5 points) Question 5 Unsaved Which of the following is an example of an emulsion? Question 5 options: Paint Milk Jelly Pitch Asphalt Save Question 6 (2.5 points) Question 6 Unsaved _____ are lipids with four fused ring structures. Question 6 options: Sphingolipids Phospholipids Steroids Enzymes Gangliosides Save Question 7 (2.5 points) Question 7 Unsaved The ionic part of a lipid is hydrophobic and the nonpolar part is hydrophilic. Question 7 options: True False Save Question 8 (2.5 points) Question 8 Unsaved The most abundant saturated fatty acid contains 16 carbons and is known as: Question 8 options: lauric acid. myristic acid. palmitic acid. stearic acid. butyric acid. Save Question 9 (2.5 points) Question 9 Unsaved What type of lipid is shown below? lipid Question 9 options: steroid wax fatty acid tryacylgliceride Save Question 10 (2.5 points) Question 10 Unsaved What type of lipid is shown below? lipid Question 10 options: steroid wax fatty acid tryacylgliceride Save

Foods and Nutrition 1030E Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Trans Fat, Monounsaturated Fat, Saturated Fat

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