History 2201E Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: English Canada, Indentured Servant, Protestantism
2 May 2018
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October 17th, 2017
The Conquest / Canada and the American Revolution
Those in New France had no fear regarding a re-settleization similar to what happened
to the Acadians
British sought to defeat the French by disrupting their relationships with the Iroquois
first nations
PART I. Causes and Immediate Effects of the Conquest
Causes of the conquest and the struggle for the continent
o May 1757: Easton Treaty
o Complete respect for aboriginal land
o Ensured the Iroquois, Shawnee and Delaware protection for their land
o in return, promised their active support in their war with the French or at
least being neutral
- Ohio area a no-go area for French and English settlers
The View of the Taking of Quebec
- 20,0000 British groups cross the Atlantic Ocean to engage in an assault on Fort
Louisburg in Ile Royale
- back in Europe, Britain blockades all the French ports
o the French cannot get their ships out to send either troops and/ or
provisions
- Quebec in a state of starvation by the summer of 1759
- September 12th, 1759, 2500 soldiers make it to the plains of Abraham
o France and Britain engage in a head to head combat
o French defeated
o Both generals died
- Quebec and Montreal eventually falls in 1760
o New France now under British rule
- Military government (1760-1763)
o Articles of capitulation
▪ Britain and France still at war in Europe
▪ The French had to lay down their arms
• Part of the broader seven years’ war taking place in Europe
• Wait until peace is settled to sign the articles in Quebec
▪ New France’s territory was now under British military rule
• Quebec and Montreal
▪ Those who wished to return to France were allowed to do so. the
elite of the colony (government administrators, army officers, and
some merchants) took advantage of this offer and left. The
Canadiens (artisans, peasants, clergy) stayed.
• Those with economic means left
• Those who created lives, depended on the land remained in
place
find more resources at oneclass.com
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▪ The people of New France, under the articles of capitulation,
allowed the freedom to practice their Roman Catholic religion
o By 1763, once the war wrapped up and the Treaty of Paris signed
▪ Gave up the rights to their territory in North America except for 2
pieces of land
• St. Pierre island and Miquelon island
• British viewed islands meaningless in terms of territory
o British still want to start a process of civilization
▪ Needed a new specific policy to deal with the assimilation impulses
of the British Empire in North America
The Treaty of Paris and The Royal Proclamation Act
- The creation of English Canada
- To put in the assimilationist principles of the British
o Problems with language, religion, legal system in New France and the
seignorial system
▪ French have the code, British has common law
▪ Under the articles are capitulation and the treaty of Paris, the
French were allowed to
o Fall of 1763: transforming the French colony into a British colony
▪ To assimilate Quebec
- In France, represents the oppression of French culture
- Settle the ongoing troubles with indigenous people
o Pontiac’s rebellion: ongoing tensions between the indigenous and the
British
▪ American settlers disagreeable with the British’s decision to leave
that Ohio river valley for the indigenous
- Give a line where American settlers and indigenous peoples could live.
- New France now called the province of Quebec
- Articles of capitulation replaced with a British governor
o Roman Catholics could not hold public office under British rule
o Freedom of religion still practiced
▪ Governor Murray had to establish protestant schools and churches
▪ Legal system intended to replace French code with British common
law
• Under the royal proclamation found 2 ways for people
receive legal aid
• Superior court: ruled by English common law system
• Lesser courts: symbol, less-complicated matters applying the
French code
- Reaction to the Act
o Angry British Americans (13 colonies)
▪ One of the intolerable acts that would lead to the American
revolution
o English merchants in Quebec
▪ Not pleased with what was going on
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The conquest / canada and the american revolution. Those in new france had no fear regarding a re-settleization similar to what happened to the acadians. British sought to defeat the french by disrupting their relationships with the iroquois first nations. Ohio area a no-go area for french and english settlers. 20,0000 british groups cross the atlantic ocean to engage in an assault on fort. Back in europe, britain blockades all the french ports: the french cannot get their ships out to send either troops and/ or provisions. Quebec in a state of starvation by the summer of 1759. September 12th, 1759, 2500 soldiers make it to the plains of abraham: france and britain engage in a head to head combat, french defeated, both generals died. Quebec and montreal eventually falls in 1760: new france now under british rule. The treaty of paris and the royal proclamation act.
